The Quran is divided into a hundred and fourteen surahs, and the count is universally agreed across all Muslim traditions and all manuscript witnesses. Unlike almost every other canon discussed here, there is no denominational variation in it.
The arrangement is not chronological. The surahs run broadly from longest to shortest, with the short opening surah al-Fatiha placed first as a prayer, so that the early Meccan revelations, short, intense, often eschatological, cluster at the end of the book, and the long Medinan surahs with their legal material come near the front. Reading the Quran from front to back therefore reads it roughly backwards in time, which is one of the first things a reader needs to know about it.
Every surah opens with the basmala, in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate, except the ninth, Surat at-Tawba. Why is an old question with no settled answer; explanations offered include that the ninth and eighth were once a single surah, and that the basmala was omitted because the surah opens with a declaration of war.
Each surah has a name, usually taken from a distinctive word in it rather than from its subject, the Cow, the Bee, the Spider, the Elephant, and each is designated Meccan or Medinan, an attribution which for some surahs is disputed and for some is mixed within a single surah.
Alongside the surah division the text carries an independent division into thirty ajza, parts, of roughly equal length, which cuts across the surahs and exists for the practical purpose of reading the whole in a month.