This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
Granada's Muslims first faced forced conversion in 1499, when Cardinal Cisneros's campaign provoked a revolt that ended in 1501 with a stark choice: baptism or expulsion. Most converted. Castile made the same demand of its remaining Muslims by royal edict in 1502, and the Crown of Aragon followed in 1526 under Charles V, creating a population of new Christians, Moriscos, whose outward faith the state accepted and whose inward faith it never fully trusted.
Many Moriscos kept Islamic practice alive in secret: circumcision, ritual slaughter, fasting through Ramadan and prayer, recorded across generations of Inquisition trial records. In 1504 the mufti of Oran issued a fatwa permitting exactly this, outward conformity to Christianity paired with inward preservation of Islam, and Aljamiado literature, Spanish and Aragonese written in Arabic script, carried Qur'anic material and devotional texts under a script the authorities could not easily read. Philip II's 1567 edict banning Arabic, Moorish dress and Arabic manuscripts triggered a second Granada rising, the 1568 to 1571 Rebellion of the Alpujarras, after which most of Granada's Moriscos were dispersed across Castile. Philip III's 1609 edict of expulsion, carried out through 1614, removed the great majority of Spain's remaining Moriscos, most of them resettling in North Africa.