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A Sura With No Opening Prayer, and a Declaration of Disassociation

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A Sura With No Opening Prayer, and a Declaration of Disassociation

Hizb 19 closes Al-Anfal with rulings on the fifth of war spoils reserved for communal purposes, a description of the Badr encounter as arranged by God's plan even though neither side had sought that particular meeting, and instructions on alliance and asylum for the emigrants who left Mecca and the Medinan believers who received them.

The hizb then opens At-Tawba, Repentance, the one sura among the Quran's hundred and fourteen that carries no opening Bismillah, a well attested textual feature later scholarship has offered several explanations for without full agreement. It opens with a declaration of disassociation, bara'ah, from pagan treaty partners who had broken their agreements, granting a four month grace period before hostilities could resume, while explicitly welcoming those who repent and take up prayer as brothers in faith regardless of their earlier conduct.

The hizb closes on a rebuke of believers reluctant to commit to fighting when called, and on the sura's well known image of opponents wishing to extinguish God's light with their own mouths, met with the assurance that the light will be perfected however much they dislike it.

Later verses in this same hizb return to the theme of divine light with an intensity that has made the phrase itself proverbial well beyond specialist study of the sura.

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