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How Lutheranism Was Established in Denmark and Norway

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How Lutheranism Was Established in Denmark and Norway

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

King Christian III of Denmark emerged victorious from the Count's Feud, a civil war fought partly over religion, and moved decisively against the old church once he held the throne. In October 1536 he arrested the kingdom's Catholic bishops and had the Rigsdag confirm the abolition of episcopal authority outright. The Church Ordinance of 1537, drafted with help from Johannes Bugenhagen, one of Martin Luther's own colleagues, reorganised the Danish church on Lutheran lines with the king himself at its head.

Norway received the same reformation without any separate national movement of its own. As a subordinate kingdom under the shared Danish Norwegian crown, its church structure was simply brought into line with Copenhagen's by royal decree over the years that followed, the reform imposed from above rather than fought for or debated locally.

What this changed for Christianity's spread was the conversion of an entire dual kingdom to Lutheranism inside little more than a year, achieved by arresting a handful of bishops and securing one parliamentary vote rather than by any prolonged theological contest. Bugenhagen's own hand in drafting the new church order ties this reformation directly to Luther's German one, even as it arrived here by the swifter and blunter instrument of royal command rather than decades of argument and war.

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Sources
The Early Reformation in Denmark and Norway 1520-1559 (in The Scandinavian Reformation, ed. Grell)
Martin Schwarz Lausten, in Ole Peter Grell (ed.), Cambridge University Press, in "The Scandinavian Reformation: From Evangelical Movement to Institutionalisation of Reform", 1994View the Source
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