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A God Who Becomes, Not Only a God Who Is

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A God Who Becomes, Not Only a God Who Is

Whitehead's process philosophy treats the basic units of reality not as enduring substances persisting unchanged through time but as momentary events of experience, each one arising, taking account of, prehending, everything that came before it, and then passing into the past to be taken account of by subsequent events in turn; applied to God, this metaphysics suggests a deity who is not a static, complete being standing entirely outside this process but who has, in Hartshorne's later systematic development, two aspects, an abstract nature that remains constant, and a concrete nature that is itself an ongoing process, genuinely enriched and affected by every experience occurring anywhere in the world, so that the world's joys and sufferings become, quite literally, part of God's own unfolding experience rather than remaining external to an unmoved divine spectator. On this view, God does not coerce outcomes by unilateral, overriding power, since genuine novelty and freedom in the world require that creatures retain real self-determination, but persuades, offering each moment of becoming its best possible aim toward value while leaving the actual outcome genuinely open and undetermined by God alone, a picture process theologians argue makes God's goodness more intelligible in the face of suffering and evil than classical omnipotence does, since a persuasive rather than coercive God is not simply choosing not to prevent every evil that a fully unilateral power could have prevented outright.

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