In the year 10 AH, corresponding to 632 CE, Muhammad led what became known as his only complete Hajj pilgrimage as a Muslim, and, according to Islamic tradition, his final one, since he died several months later. During the pilgrimage, gathered with a very large crowd of followers on the plain of Arafat, a central location and rite of the Hajj, Muhammad delivered an extended address remembered in Islamic tradition as the Farewell Sermon, Khutbat al-Wada.
The sermon, preserved in various versions across the hadith literature with some differences in wording and emphasis between accounts, addressed a wide range of ethical and legal principles: the sanctity of life, property and honor among believers, the abolition of pre-Islamic blood feuds and interest-based debts accumulated before Islam, instructions regarding the fair treatment of women, and a declaration of the equality of all believers regardless of race or ethnic origin, phrased in terms emphasizing that no one has superiority over another except through piety and good conduct.
Muhammad is also reported to have asked the assembled crowd whether he had conveyed his message, and, receiving confirmation that he had, to have called on those present to witness that he had fulfilled his mission, a moment Islamic tradition treats as marking the completion of his prophetic responsibility to his community.