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Three Teachings in One

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Three Teachings in One

Quanzhen teaching as Wang framed it rests on a deliberate synthesis. He held that Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism flow from one source, and he set his followers to recite the Daodejing, the Buddhist Heart Sutra and the Confucian Classic of Filial Piety together, a curriculum that scandalized purists of all three schools and defined the movement's character. The path itself turned inward: where earlier Taoist movements had pursued laboratory elixirs, Quanzhen taught neidan, internal alchemy, the refinement of the practitioner's own essence, breath and spirit into the elixir, joined to Chan style meditation, strict celibate monasticism and an ethic of quietist self discipline. Wang's surviving instructions, notably the short Fifteen Discourses attributed to him, read as a manual of renunciation: leave the family, still the mind, harmonize the five phases within, and complete reality in this body.

The synthesis proved durable. Under his disciple Qiu Chuji, received by Genghis Khan in Central Asia in 1222, Quanzhen won imperial patronage and spread across the north, and its Longmen branch, headquartered at the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing, remains with the Zhengyi school one of the two great divisions of organized Taoism today. The atlas records Wang as one of the clearest cases in Chinese religion of a single eccentric founder whose personal synthesis became an enduring institution.

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