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Sacred Correspondences
Sacred Sites

Yamunotri

Himalayan temple marking the traditional source region of the river Yamuna, one of the Chota Char Dham

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Origin from 1839

Yamunotri is a Hindu temple in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, set beside the Bhagirathi valley at about 3,293 metres in the Garhwal Himalaya. It marks the traditional source region of the river Yamuna, worshipped as the goddess Yamuna, daughter of the sun god Surya and twin sister of Yama, god of death. The present temple was built in 1839 by Raja Sudarshan Shah of Tehri and has been rebuilt more than once after earthquake and avalanche damage. Yamunotri is one of the Chota Char Dham, the four smaller Himalayan pilgrimage sites paired with the older Char Dham circuit, and is usually the first stop pilgrims make on that circuit. The shrine is open only from spring to autumn, closing for winter when snow blocks the route, and a nearby hot spring at Surya Kund is used by pilgrims to cook offerings before darshan.

Facts
Site
Type of Site
Sacred river, lake, spring or sea 1
Type of Site Detail
Himalayan Hindu temple marking the source region of the river Yamuna, worshipped as a goddess, one of the Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites. 1
Pilgrimage
Major pilgrimage destination today 1
Origins
Origin Period
from 1839 1
Country
India 1
Region
Uttarakhand, in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarkashi district 1
Attributions
Tradition
Hindu 1
Status
Status Today
In active religious use 1
Geography
Latitude
31 degrees north 1
Longitude
78.5 degrees east 1
Location
Location of Yamunotri Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guam Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Learn More
The Legend and Pilgrimage of Yamunotri

According to Hindu tradition, the goddess Yamuna is the daughter of the sun god Surya and the twin sister of Yama, the god of death, and bathing in her waters is said to spare a soul the pain that awaits those who die without ever having done so, a promise that echoes the Ganges' own association with liberation from rebirth. The temple's shrine houses a black marble image of the goddess, and legend holds that the sage Asit Muni once lived on the riverbank here in constant devotion to her, keeping a hermitage that pilgrims still associate with the site. The temple itself is reached on foot from Janki Chatti, a steep climb of several kilometres along the Bhagirathi valley, and pilgrims commonly stop at the nearby hot spring, Surya Kund, where the water is hot enough to cook rice and potatoes wrapped in cloth, offered afterward at the shrine as prasad. Because winter snow closes the high valley for months at a time, the temple opens only from spring into autumn, and its opening each year is treated as the ceremonial start of the wider Char Dham pilgrimage season, drawing an early wave of pilgrims who then continue on to Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. Earthquakes and avalanches have damaged the structure more than once since Raja Sudarshan Shah built it in 1839, and the temple standing today reflects several later repairs rather than a single unbroken original.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs to Tradition

Hinduism, Religions
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

Contained In

India, Countries
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024latitude factView the Source
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024longitude factView the Source
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024Yamunotri entry, geography, temple history and Char Dham roleView the Source
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