Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion Between Local, National, and Global Interests (Ramstedt, ed.)

An edited scholarly volume on Balinese and other Indonesian Hindu communities, published by RoutledgeCurzon in 2004. Ramstedt and the volume's contributors trace how Balinese religious leaders, seeking recognition under Indonesia's state requirement that a religion affirm one supreme god, formalized Sanghyang Widhi Wasa as that supreme godhead, drawing on the older philosophical concept of Acintya, with other deities and ancestral spirits reinterpreted as its manifestations. Its strength is close documentation of this twentieth century doctrinal formalization from named scholars of Indonesian religion. Its limit is a primary focus on the modern, state-shaped history of the doctrine rather than on Balinese ritual practice more broadly.