J. Eugene Clay's "Old Believers" entry in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com and read 2026-08-16, giving the Russian empire's 1912 census count of 2,206,621 Old Believers, which the entry itself calls a definite undercount, and a separate scholarly estimate of 15 to 20 million immediately before the 1917 Revolution.
Facts
Citation
AuthorJ. Eugene Clay
PublisherEncyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com
Publication Year2018
URLhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/christianity-general/old-believers
Source Typeencyclopedia
Assessment
Reliability Tier2
Tier two: a signed reference-work entry by J. Eugene Clay, a named historian of Russian religion, in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, giving the 1912 imperial census figure the entry itself calls a definite undercount alongside a separate scholarly estimate for the years immediately before the 1917 Revolution. Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
This source names Old Believers directly: "Eugene Clay's "Old Believers" entry in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com and read 2026-08-16, giving the Russian empire's 1912 census count of 2,206,621 Old..."
Claims Backed By This Source (15 claims)
This source backs 15 claims across the atlas. As facts: 13 well-attested. As cited relationships: 1 holds. Plus 1 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.
Disposition By Topic
- Sources, 8 claims: 7 well-attested, 1 holds.
- Denominations, 7 claims: 6 well-attested, 1 general references.
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