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Methodism Splits Over Slavery

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Origin from 1844

At the Methodist Episcopal Church's 1844 General Conference in New York, delegates confronted Bishop James O. Andrew of Georgia, who had come to own enslaved people through marriage, and effectively suspended his episcopal duties. Southern delegates judged the dispute irreparable and, meeting at Louisville in 1845, organised themselves as the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, a rupture in American Methodism's single institutional body that would not heal until 1939, when the northern and southern churches reunited with the Methodist Protestant Church as the Methodist Church.

Facts
Dates
Start YearSourced to the subject's own account
from 1844 1
End Year
to 1845 1
Sourced to the subject's own account1845, the Louisville conference that formally organised the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; the split it completed was not healed until reunion in 1939.
Status
Established 1
Sourced to the subject's own accountA schism rather than a new geography; carried as Established because a new institutional body, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, came into being, the closest fit in this atlas's closed status vocabulary for a rupture rather than an arrival or a suppression.
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How Methodism Split Over Slavery

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

At the Methodist Episcopal Church's General Conference in New York in 1844, delegates confronted Bishop James O. Andrew of Georgia, who had come to own enslaved people through marriage, and effectively suspended him from his episcopal duties over it. The confrontation brought a tension the church had carried for years to an open break, one side of American Methodism judging that a bishop could not hold his office while owning enslaved people, the other refusing to accept that judgment.

Southern delegates concluded the dispute could not be repaired within a single church, and the following year, meeting at Louisville in 1845, they organised themselves into a separate body, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. What had been one institutional structure covering Methodism across the United States split into two, divided along the same line that would soon divide the country itself.

What this split changed for Methodism's spread was a rupture that outlasted slavery itself by more than seven decades. The two churches remained separate long after the Civil War had ended the institution that had divided them, and it was not until 1939 that the northern and southern churches reunited, joined that year by the Methodist Protestant Church as well, into a single Methodist Church once again.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Andrew, Figures

This source names Andrew directly: "delegates confronted Bishop James O. Andrew of Georgia, who had come to own enslaved people through marriage, and effectively suspended his episcopal duties."

Source Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Georgia, Countries

This source names Georgia directly: "Andrew of Georgia, who had come to own enslaved people through marriage, and effectively suspended his episcopal duties."

Source Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
New York, Cities

This source names New York directly: "Church's 1844 General Conference in New York, delegates confronted Bishop James O."

Source Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Occurred In

Source Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Spread Event Of

Source Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Sources
1. Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia, 2026View the Source
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