Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Veintenas

Nemontemi

Veintenas

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Origin 1200 to 1521

The five nameless days completing the 365 day xiuhpohualli beyond its eighteen twenty day veintenas, structurally answering to the Maya Wayeb inside the unrelated Haab calendar. Regarded as unlucky and dangerous, a time when ordinary activity, travel and business were avoided, the days fell outside the count of named days proper.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
1200 to 1521 1
Origin Period
Late Postclassic Period, the Aztec Triple Alliance, kept in living informant memory through Sahagun's mid sixteenth century interviews. 1
Place of Origin
Central Mexico, the Basin of Mexico and the wider Nahuatl speaking highlands under the Aztec Triple Alliance of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan. 1
Origin of the Name
The Nahuatl name recorded here, Nemontemi, follows the spelling given by Sahagun's informants and set down in the Florentine Codex by Spanish trained scribes; other colonial sources and modern transliterations spell it differently. 2
Identity
Position
19 of 19 1
Disputed
Approximate Gregorian Span
The last days of January into the first day of February 1
Scholars have proposed several correlations between the xiuhpohualli year and the Gregorian calendar. The month range given here follows one widely reproduced reconstruction and is offered for relative placement only, not as a settled date: the 365 day count carried no intercalated leap day, so its alignment with the solar year is understood to have drifted across the centuries of its use, and colonial era testimony was recorded decades after the practice had ended.
Attributions
Day Count
5 Days 1
Special Status
The Nemontemi (Five Empty Days) 2
Ruling Deity
None. Alone among the periods of the Aztec solar year, the five nemontemi carried no patron deity; they fell outside the 360 named days of the eighteen veintenas and were treated as an unlucky remainder. 1
Observance
Principal Festival
None recorded. The nemontemi were days of inactivity and ill omen rather than observance; ordinary business, travel and ceremony were avoided rather than marked with any festival. 1
Meaning
Literal Meaning
Empty Days, or Days That Fill Up in Vain 3
Learn More
Nemontemi and the Grammar of an Empty Calendar

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

Nemontemi is not one of the eighteen veintenas properly speaking. It is the five days left over once eighteen twenty day months are subtracted from the 365 day xiuhpohualli, and Nahua tradition treated that leftover pointedly: the days were unlucky, uncounted by name, and best passed in stillness. Sahagun's informants describe ordinary activity curtailed through the five days, travel avoided and loud speech discouraged, out of a fear that whatever befell a person during the Nemontemi would set the pattern for the year to come.

This atlas records Nemontemi twice, deliberately. One entity holds it as a holiday, an observance with its own customs and cautions. This entity holds it as the nineteenth member of the veintena register, the slot the Aztec year sets aside for it, dated, positioned and counted exactly as the eighteen named veintenas around it are. The split mirrors an older one already in the atlas: the Maya Wayeb, the Haab calendar's own five unlucky days, is recorded the same way, once as a calendrical entity and once as an observance, because when this fell and what people did about it are genuinely different questions even when they describe the same five days.

The comparison runs deeper than the shared day count. Both calendars are eighteen month, 365 day solar counts built by cultures with no direct contact, arriving independently at the same solution to the same problem: a year that does not divide evenly into twenty day months. Both answered it the same way, naming eighteen months and setting the remainder apart as dangerous rather than folding it into an ordinary month. Nemontemi and Wayeb are the clearest sign in either calendar that the twenty day month, not the 365 day year, was the unit each culture organized its ritual life around.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Same Subject in Another Register

Nemontemi, Holidays & Festivals

The veintena register entity for the five unnamed days of the xiuhpohualli year, and the holiday register entity describing the same days as an observance, the same two register pattern haabmonth's own Wayeb and holiday's own Wayeb carry.

Source Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New SpainBernardino de Sahagun; translated by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble
Sources
1. The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)
Michael E. Smith, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012The eighteen veintenas and the nemontemi remainderView the Source
1. The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)
Michael E. Smith, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012The chapter on Aztec religion and ritualView the Source
1. The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)
Michael E. Smith, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012The nemontemi as unlucky, unmarked daysView the Source
2. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain
Bernardino de Sahagun; translated by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble, School of American Research and University of Utah Press, 1950Book 2, The Ceremonies, the chapter devoted to this veintenaView the Source
3. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind
Miguel Leon-Portilla, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963View the Source
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