Generation, Completion, and the Meaning of the Deities

Tantric deity practice is classically divided into two phases. In the "generation stage" the practitioner builds up the visualisation of the deity and mandala and stabilises the vivid sense of being that deity. In the "completion stage" the visualisation is dissolved and the practice works directly with the subtle energies, channels and mind described in tantric physiology, aiming at a direct realisation of the nature of mind. Concentration trained through calm abiding is a prerequisite, since the visualisations must be held with a vividness and stability ordinary attention cannot manage.

The tradition is careful about the ontological status of the visualised deities. They are not regarded as external gods to be petitioned but as embodiments of enlightened qualities and, ultimately, as expressions of the practitioner's own buddha-nature; wrathful and peaceful forms alike are understood as skilful means for transforming particular obstacles and energies. This framing distinguishes Buddhist deity yoga sharply from theistic worship, even where its outward imagery of many-armed and richly adorned figures might suggest otherwise.