Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Deities

Brihaspati

bri-HAHS-pah-tee
Hindu Deities

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As the face of the planet Jupiter, Brihaspati embodies expansion, wisdom, and meaning. Brihaspati is a Vedic sage and the lord of prayer and sacred speech who became the deity of the planet Jupiter and one of the Navagraha. He is the guru, the preceptor and priest of the Devas, the gods, wise and golden and benevolent, who counsels them and guards them against the schemes of Shukra, the guru of the demons. The great benefic of the planets, he governs wisdom, learning, devotion, eloquence, and good fortune, and is sometimes identified with the fire god Agni. He embodies the expansive, teaching, blessing intelligence.

Facts
Attributions
Mythic Association
Serves as guru, preceptor and priest of the Devas, counselling and guarding them against the schemes of Shukra, guru of the rival Asuras, and reckoned the great benefic among the nine grahas. 1
Identity
Gender
Male 1
Belief
Theology
Debated 1
Function
Domain / Function
Stars and planets 1
Domain / Function
Wisdom and counsel 1
Attestation
Veneration Today
Actively venerated in a living tradition 1
Historicity
Not a historical person: a divine or other-than-human being 2
History
Historical Note
Sometimes identified with the fire god Agni, and reckoned the great benefic among the planets for the wisdom, learning and good fortune he governs. 1
Origins
Origin of the Name
The name Brihaspati combines the Sanskrit brihat, great, with pati, lord, and the Rigveda addresses him as priest and teacher of the gods. 2
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Guru of the Gods, and the Planet Jupiter

Brihaspati is, in the Rigveda, the lord of prayer and sacred speech (Brahmanaspati), the divine priest whose utterance gives the sacrifice its power; in the classical and astrological tradition he becomes the deity of the planet Jupiter and one of the Navagraha, the nine planetary powers. He is the guru, the preceptor and household priest of the devas, the gods, wise, golden and benevolent, who counsels them and guards them against the schemes of Shukra (Venus), the guru of the asuras on the other side.

In Jyotisha, Hindu astrology, Jupiter is the great benefic, governing wisdom, learning, righteousness, devotion, teachers and good fortune, and Thursday (Guruvar) is his day; he is invoked for knowledge and for the well-being of children. The Brihaspati of myth is also caught in a famous scandal, his wife Tara being carried off by the moon-god Chandra, the union that produces Budha, Mercury.

Thursday's Guru, in Temple and Household

Brihaspati is pictured as a golden skinned, learned figure, riding a golden chariot drawn by eight horses, carrying a staff, a rosary and a manuscript, the attributes of a teacher rather than a warrior. Thursday (Guruvar) is kept as his day across much of India, observed with yellow offerings, yellow cloth, turmeric, and gifts to Brahmins and teachers, on the understanding that a favorable Jupiter brings learning, righteous conduct and good fortune to a household. Dedicated Brihaspati temples are relatively rare compared with shrines to Shiva or Vishnu, and his worship, like that of the other navagraha, is generally folded into a temple's planetary shrine, though a small number of sites draw pilgrims specifically seeking his blessing for education, marriage timing and the birth of children.

In everyday religious life Brihaspati's name survives in the honorific use of guru itself, and in the widespread practice, still followed in many families, of consulting a Jyotisha reading before naming a child, arranging a wedding date, or beginning a new venture, on the premise that a well disposed Jupiter in the chart smooths the way. His long standing rivalry with Shukra, his opposite number among the asuras, is remembered less as active myth today than as a byword in popular speech for two teachers or two schools of thought permanently and honorably opposed.

Correspondences & Relations

Archetypes

Pantheons

Planetary Faces

Brihaspati is preceptor of the gods and the most benefic of the grahas, holding Jupiter as Zeus does in the Greek scheme. His weekday Guruvara corresponds to dies Iovis and to Thursday, by the same route of transmission.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Named as the presiding deity of the lunar mansion Pushya.

Source History of Dharmasastra, Volume VP. V. Kane

This source names Brihaspati directly: "Mars (Mangala or Bhauma), Jupiter (Brihaspati), Saturn (Shani), and the demon Rahu, the rising lunar node, noting that only eight of the nine Navagraha are present since Ketu is missing from the..."

Depicted In

Held to Be the Same As

Agni, Deities

Why this is disputed. Brihaspati is sometimes identified with the fire god Agni, though the two keep distinct roles and cults through most of the Vedic and Puranic material, so the identification is partial rather than settled.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Interpretatio Of

Jupiter, Deities

Brihaspati is the Hindu face of the planet Jupiter, set alongside the Roman Jupiter and Greek Zeus in the shared astrological figure of expansion and wisdom.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Married To

From Budha's own description: Tara is "the wife of the gods' preceptor Brihaspati." Newly disambiguated Hindu Tara entity.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Opposes

Shukra, Deities

Brihaspati counsels the Devas and guards them against the schemes of Shukra, guru of the Asuras and his opposite number among the planetary regents.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Related To

Budha, Deities

Budha's mother Tara was the wife of Brihaspati, preceptor of the gods, and Chandra's seduction of her was scandalous enough to nearly cause a war among the gods.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Same Figure As

Guru, Grahas (Planets)

The graha Guru is also called Brihaspati, and the deity Brihaspati is the same figure held in the other register, Jupiter as a point in the chart and the teacher of the gods as an object of worship.

Traditions Founded

Why this is disputed. Its own founder fact: "No historical founder is confirmed; classical sources credit the school to the legendary sage Brihaspati." Recorded debated because the subject's own text denies the historicity while reporting the attribution.

Source Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyEdward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman (eds.)

Worshipped In

Hinduism, Religions
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Sources
1. Encyclopedia of Hinduism
Denise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.), Routledge, 2008Brihaspati and the NavagrahaView the Source
2. Vedic Mythology
Arthur Anthony Macdonell, Karl J. Trubner, Strassburg, 1897View the Source
History of Dharmasastra, Volume V
P. V. Kane, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1958cited for the presiding deity of the lunar mansion PushyaView the Source
Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005s.v. BrihaspatiView the Source
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