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Kundalini Yoga

Contemplative Disciplines

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Origin from 1969

Kundalini yoga is a branch of yoga centered on the awakening and rising of kundalini, a latent spiritual energy Hindu tantra and hatha yoga describe as coiled at the base of the spine, using a combination of posture, breath, mantra, mudra and meditation to activate it. The specific, branded discipline taught worldwide today under the name Kundalini Yoga was introduced to the West by Yogi Bhajan, who began teaching in the United States in January 1969 and founded the 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy) organization the same year, presenting a curriculum of set exercises (kriyas) not identically attested in earlier Hindu or Sikh textual sources. Traditional tantric and hatha yoga sources describe kundalini's rising as a serious process traditionally undertaken under close supervision rather than in an open class setting, given the intense physical and psychological effects the tradition itself attributes to it. Yogi Bhajan's system draws on Sikh devotional elements alongside the Hindu tantric kundalini concept, a combination distinctive to his teaching rather than a documented older synthesis.

Facts
Practice
Mode of Transmission
Traditional tantric and hatha sources describe kundalini awakening as requiring gradual preparation under a qualified teacher due to its intense reported effects. 2
Lineage
Founded by Yogi Bhajan, who began teaching in Los Angeles on January 5, 1969, and founded 3HO the same year. 1
Origins
Origin Period
from 1969 1
Origin Period
Concept: medieval Hindu tantra and hatha texts; discipline founded 1969, United States 1
Place of Origin
United States 1
Status
Status Today
Living tradition, practised today 1
Living tradition, taught internationally through certified teacher training
Learn More
Awakening a Coiled Energy

Kundalini yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan and his successors combines specific sequences of posture, movement, breath and mantra, called kriyas, with meditation and chanting, presented as a systematic technology for awakening kundalini energy and moving it up through the body's chakras. Classes are typically taught in groups by certified teachers following a codified curriculum, distinguishing this branded modern discipline from the individualized, teacher-supervised approach traditional tantric and hatha sources describe for kundalini practice generally.

The underlying concept, that a latent energy lies coiled at the base of the spine and can rise through the central channel when the body and mind are sufficiently prepared, comes from older Hindu tantric and hatha yoga cosmology, but traditional sources are notably cautious about it, warning that a premature or forced awakening can produce serious physical and psychological disturbance, and generally reserving detailed instruction for advanced students under direct guidance rather than presenting it as an open group practice. Because both the traditional cautionary framing and the specific content of Yogi Bhajan's kriyas involve material tradition or the organization itself treats as requiring qualified instruction, this entry describes kundalini yoga's aims, structure and history rather than any specific kriya, breath pattern or count.

A California Synthesis with a Contested Older Name

The discipline called Kundalini Yoga as most people encounter it today is a twentieth century American institution with a documented founding date, not a direct transmission of a single named ancient system. Yogi Bhajan arrived in North America in 1968 and 1969 and began teaching a curriculum he presented as an ancient technology previously kept secret and now offered openly for the first time, a claim of unbroken and previously hidden lineage that scholars of new religious movements, including Lola Williamson's study of Hindu-inspired meditation movements in America, treat as a teaching narrative distinctive to Yogi Bhajan's presentation rather than an independently documented historical transmission. His system combines the Hindu tantric and hatha concept of kundalini and the chakras with Sikh devotional elements, including Sikh scripture, dress and the wearing of a turban, a blend specific to his own teaching and to the Sikh Dharma community that grew alongside 3HO, and not a synthesis attested in earlier Hindu or Sikh sources considered separately. This makes Kundalini Yoga a useful case for distinguishing a genuinely old concept, kundalini itself, well attested in medieval tantric and hatha texts, from a specific modern branded curriculum built around that concept, much as postural yoga more broadly separates an old vocabulary from a substantially newer practice. The organization Yogi Bhajan founded continues to certify Kundalini Yoga teachers internationally through Kundalini Research Institute-affiliated programs.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Related To

Ah, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Crown, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Ham, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Heart, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Kundalini Yoga is named for and organized around the cultivation and awakening of kundalini.

Lam, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Ram, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Root, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Sacral, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Solar Plexus, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Sushumna, Nadis

Kundalini is traditionally said to rise through the sushumna, the central channel, piercing each chakra in sequence. Nadi cosmology is drawn from the same hatha and tantric sources these disciplines rely on.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Third Eye, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Throat, Chakras

The seven chakras are the centers kundalini is said to rise through and activate. Chakra cosmology is shared across Hindu tantra and hatha-derived Kundalini Yoga.

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Vam, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Yam, Mantras

This bija (seed syllable) mantra belongs to Hindu tantra and kundalini yoga.

Works With

Bindu, Chakras
Source The Serpent PowerSir John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon)

Kundalini Yoga works with meditation on the chakras to awaken the latent energy said to rise through the subtle centers of the spine.

Source An Introduction to HinduismGavin Flood
Sources
1. Transcendent in America: Hindu-Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion
Lola Williamson, New York University Press, 2010
2. Roots of Yoga
James Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.), Penguin Classics, 2017View the Source
An Introduction to Hinduism
Gavin Flood, Cambridge University Press, 1996View the Source
The Serpent Power
Sir John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon), Ganesh & Co, 1919View the Source
The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination
William C. Chittick, State University of New York Press, 1989View the Source
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