Origin 1465 to 1620
The mouth is the fourth of the five officers, wu guan, of mian xiang, traditionally called the Gatekeeper Officer, chu na guan, or the officer of output and intake, since it is the gate through which both food and words pass. Practitioners read it for shape, colour and proportion, looking for lips neither too thin nor too full, evenly matched top and bottom, with a good, well defined bow. Well proportioned, evenly coloured lips are read as a sign of trustworthiness and good fortune in later life, while a crooked, badly matched or pale mouth is read as a caution about broken promises or poor fortune in old age. As with the rest of mian xiang, this is a traditional interpretive practice, not a finding of medical science.
Facts
Origins
Origin Period Origin PeriodFixed in its present form by the Shenxiang quanbian, the Ming dynasty (1368 to 1644) compilation Livia Kohn describes as the most complete and most widely available textbook of Chinese physiognomy, though face reading as a practice in China is attested centuries earlier. 1 Attributed Author / CompilerThe five officers are part of the same classical apparatus set out in the Shenxiang quanbian, which Livia Kohn describes as principally concerned with the head and the hands, the parts of the body thought to reveal the most about a person, dated to the Ming dynasty, between 1465 and 1620. 1 Origin of the NameGuan, officer, is the term shared by all five facial features in this scheme, casting each as a court official reporting on a different domain of the person's character and fortune, distinct from the palace metaphor used for the twelve areas that are not among the five officers. 1 Status
Standing as a Comparative CategoryLargely abandoned as a comparative category 1 Learn More
The One Gate for Both Food and Words
The mouth, the fourth of the five officers, carries the name Gatekeeper Officer, chu na guan, the officer of output and intake, a title built around a simple physical fact the tradition treats as interpretively significant rather than incidental: the mouth is the single gate through which both food and words pass, the body's intake of sustenance and its output of speech sharing one physical opening. Reading the mouth for shape, colour and proportion, looking for lips neither too thin nor too full, evenly matched top and bottom with a well defined bow, the system draws on that double function to justify reading the feature for both material fortune, since intake governs sustenance and by extension prosperity, and for trustworthiness, since output governs the words a person keeps or breaks.
Well proportioned, evenly coloured lips are read as a sign of trustworthiness and good fortune in later life, while a crooked, badly matched or pale mouth is read as a caution about broken promises or poor fortune in old age, a pairing of moral and material readings at the same feature that echoes the mouth's own double physical role as gate for both.
The mouth's placement also ties it directly to the Lower Court, the third of the three courts, since chu na guan sits entirely within the stretch of face the courts read as governing life from roughly fifty onward. A reading of trustworthiness and fortune late in life at the mouth therefore sits inside a second, coarser claim the Lower Court already makes about the same years, one more point in the system where a five officer reading and a three court reading converge on the same feature rather than working in isolation from each other.
Cross-Tradition Connections
Belongs to Tradition
One of the Five Officers (wuguan), the facial features read as ministers overseeing a domain of fortune in Chinese physiognomy.
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