The godai are the five elements of Japanese esoteric Buddhist cosmology: chi (earth), sui (water), ka (fire), fu (wind) and ku (void or aether). The scheme descends from the Indian mahabhuta by way of Shingon Buddhism, and is expressed visually in the gorinto, the five-ringed stone stupa whose stacked shapes stand for the five. It differs from the Chinese wu xing, which is a cycle of five phases rather than a set of material elements.
Facts
Overview
- Entries in the Atlas
- 5
- Size of the Traditional Set
- Five 1
Origins
- Place of Origin
- Japan, in the esoteric Buddhist schools, from the Indian element scheme transmitted through China 1
- Origin of the Name
- Japanese godai, "the five great [elements]", rendering the Sanskrit mahabhuta, "great elements". 1
Structure
- Structure
- Five: chi (earth), sui (water), ka (fire), fu (wind) and ku (void or space), ascending from the solid to the empty and stacked as cube, sphere, pyramid, crescent and jewel in the five-ringed gorinto. 1
- Structure
- Descended from the Indian mahabhuta by way of esoteric Buddhism, not from the Chinese five phases: the fifth term is ku, space or emptiness, and not a fifth material phase. 1
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The Five Elements of Japanese Buddhism
The godai are the five elements of Japanese esoteric Buddhist cosmology: chi (earth), sui (water), ka (fire), fu (wind) and ku (void, aether or space). The scheme descends from the Indian mahabhuta, the great elements, by way of Shingon and other esoteric schools, and it orders both the material world and the levels of a contemplative ascent from the solid to the empty.
The five are expressed visually in the gorinto, the five-ringed stone stupa (a cube, sphere, pyramid, crescent and jewel stacked from earth at the base to void at the top), a form seen throughout Japanese temples and graveyards.
Element and emptiness
The godai differ from the Chinese wu xing: they are the Indian five elements filtered through Buddhism, culminating not in a fifth material phase but in ku, the void or space that contains and transcends the other four, reflecting the Buddhist emphasis on emptiness. The scheme informs Japanese art, martial and meditative traditions, and funerary practice.
The atlas gives each of the godai its nature, its form in the gorinto, and its place in the ascent. They connect the Indian element scheme with the East Asian Buddhist material under Eastern Systems.
Enter a year to compare these entries as the atlas records them at that moment. Leave it empty for the present. A year before the common era is entered with a minus sign, so 44 BCE is minus 44.