Home›Sources›Islamic Creeds: A SelectionSourcesIslamic Creeds: A SelectionCitation FormatsGeneral ReferenceGeneral Reference Citation TextDivinity Atlas. "Islamic Creeds: A Selection." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://divinity.interactivelion.com/sources/islamic-creeds-a-selection.Copy General ReferenceAPA StyleAPA Style Citation TextDivinity Atlas. (n.d.). Islamic Creeds: A Selection. Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://divinity.interactivelion.com/sources/islamic-creeds-a-selectionCopy APA StyleBibTeXBibTeX Citation Text@misc{divinityatlas-islamic-creeds-a-selection, author = {Divinity Atlas}, title = {Islamic Creeds: A Selection}, year = {2026}, url = {https://divinity.interactivelion.com/sources/islamic-creeds-a-selection}, note = {Accessed August 30, 2026} }Copy BibTeXW. Montgomery Watt's is a scholarly translated selection of classical Islamic creedal texts spanning Sunni, Shia and other theological schools, with critical introduction addressing doctrinal positions such as the createdness of the Quran and human free will directly from the primary creedal texts themselves. This record states its honest limit plainly: it is a mid-twentieth-century translation, and later Islamic studies scholarship has refined some of Watt's specific readings, so a claim about current denominational consensus may need a more recent source alongside it. Use it for the content of these classical creeds and the doctrinal positions they represent as Watt translates and introduces them.FactsCross-Tradition ConnectionsClaims Backed By This Source (258 claims)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)FactsAssessmentReliability TierWell-attested1W. Montgomery Watt's scholarly translated selection of classical Islamic creedal texts spanning Sunni, Shia and other theological schools, with critical introduction; this record states honestly that it is a mid-twentieth-century translation and later scholarship has refined some of Watt's specific readings.NotesWell-attestedW. Montgomery Watt's scholarly translated selection of classical Islamic creedal texts spanning Sunni, Shia and other theological schools, with critical introduction. Use for the content of these creeds and the doctrinal positions they represent, such as the createdness of the Quran and human free will; a mid-twentieth-century scholarly translation, and later Islamic studies scholarship has refined some of its readings, so a claim about current denominational consensus may need a more recent source alongside it.CitationAuthorWell-attestedW. Montgomery WattPublisherWell-attestedEdinburgh University PressPublication YearWell-attested1994URLWell-attestedhttps://www.worldcat.org/title/islamic-creeds-a-selection/oclc/462827214Source TypeWell-attestedacademic monographCross-Tradition ConnectionsAssociated WithSunni, Denominations Well-attested This source names Sunni directly: "Islamic creedal texts spanning Sunni, Shia and other theological schools, with critical introduction addressing doctrinal positions such as the createdness of the Quran and human free will directly..."Source Islamic Creeds: A SelectionW. Montgomery Watttier 1Claims Backed By This Source (258 claims)This source backs 258 claims across the atlas. As facts: 152 well-attested, 4 scholarly debate. As cited relationships: 35 holds, 4 connected, 6 critiqued Here, 7 rejected Here. Plus 50 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.Disposition By TopicDoctrines, 70 claims: 36 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 10 holds, 6 critiqued Here, 17 general references.Beliefs & Restrictions, 47 claims: 36 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 9 general references.Articles, 41 claims: 30 well-attested, 4 connected, 7 general references.Schools of Theology, 41 claims: 23 well-attested, 10 holds, 4 rejected Here, 4 general references.Denominations, 19 claims: 1 well-attested, 9 holds, 3 rejected Here, 6 general references.Creeds & Confessions, 13 claims: 5 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 5 holds, 2 general references.Pantheons, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 general references.Sources, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds.Practices, 3 claims: 2 well-attested, 1 general references.Religions, 3 claims: 2 well-attested, 1 general references.Rituals, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.Schools of Religious Law, 1 claims: 1 general references.Well-attested152ArticlesA Creed With No Council Behind ItA Name, a Text and a DoubtHow Later Schools Defined Themselves Against ItHow the Islamic Conception Is AttestedNo Standard Above God: The Ashari Case Against Rational EthicsPower, Reversal, and What SurvivedPunishment Before the ReckoningReal, yet Neither Identical to God nor Separate From HimReason's Place Before Revelation ArrivesThe Five PrinciplesThe Mihna, the Test Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Refused to PassThe Mutazila's Doctrine of Divine Unity Without Eternal AttributesThe Question of Who Counts as a BelieverThe Test Ibn Hanbal Would Not PassThe Trial in the GraveWhere Islamic Creed Writing BeginsWhy Islam Has No PantheonWithout Asking HowBeliefs & RestrictionsA Muslim Who Commits a Grave Sin Ceases to Be a BelieverGod Has No Eternal Attributes Distinct From His EssenceGod's Attributes Are Affirmed as Revealed, Without Asking HowGod's Attributes Are Real and Are Neither God Nor Other Than GodGood and Evil Are Knowable by ReasonGood and Evil Are Known Only Through RevelationHuman Beings Author Their Own Acts and God Judges Them JustlyKasb: God Creates Every Act and the Human Being Acquires ItThe Quran Is Uncreated and EternalCreeds & ConfessionsAl-Fiqh al-AkbarAqidah al-TahawiyyaDenominationsZaidiyyahDoctrinesAdhab al-QabrAdlBarzakhBidahFitnat al-QabrFitraHaramIhsanImanKasb (Acquisition)QiyamahShirkTakfirTawhidThe Createdness of the QuranPantheonsIslamicPracticesTarawihReligionsIslamRitualsQurbaniSchools of TheologyAshari SchoolShowing 1 to 50 of 54 entities carrying this claim. NextScholarly debate4Beliefs & RestrictionsHuman Beings Author Their Own Acts and God Judges Them JustlyKasb: God Creates Every Act and the Human Being Acquires ItCreeds & ConfessionsAl-Fiqh al-AkbarDoctrinesKasb (Acquisition)Holds35Creeds & ConfessionsAl-Fiqh al-AkbarAqidah al-TahawiyyaDenominationsKharijitesSalafismShia (Twelver)SunniWahhabismZaidiyyahDoctrinesAdlKasb (Acquisition)Predestination and free willTakfirTawhidThe Createdness of the QuranSchools of TheologyAshari SchoolMutazilaSourcesIslamic Creeds: A SelectionConnected4ArticlesHow Later Schools Defined Themselves Against ItNo Standard Above God: The Ashari Case Against Rational EthicsReal, yet Neither Identical to God nor Separate From HimThe Mutazila's Doctrine of Divine Unity Without Eternal AttributesCritiqued Here6DoctrinesAdlImamateKasb (Acquisition)The Createdness of the QuranRejected Here7DenominationsKharijitesSunniSchools of TheologyAshari SchoolAthari SchoolMaturidi SchoolGeneral References50ArticlesHow Later Schools Defined Themselves Against ItHow the Islamic Conception Is AttestedNo Standard Above God: The Ashari Case Against Rational EthicsReal, yet Neither Identical to God nor Separate From HimThe Mihna, the Test Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Refused to PassThe Mutazila's Doctrine of Divine Unity Without Eternal AttributesWhy Islam Has No PantheonBeliefs & RestrictionsA Muslim Who Commits a Grave Sin Ceases to Be a BelieverGod Has No Eternal Attributes Distinct From His EssenceGod's Attributes Are Affirmed as Revealed, Without Asking HowGod's Attributes Are Real and Are Neither God Nor Other Than GodGood and Evil Are Knowable by ReasonGood and Evil Are Known Only Through RevelationHuman Beings Author Their Own Acts and God Judges Them JustlyKasb: God Creates Every Act and the Human Being Acquires ItThe Quran Is Uncreated and EternalCreeds & ConfessionsAl-Fiqh al-AkbarAqidah al-TahawiyyaDenominationsKharijitesSalafismShia (Twelver)SunniWahhabismZaidiyyahDoctrinesAdhab al-QabrAdlBarzakhBidahFitnat al-QabrFitraHaramIhsanImamateImanKasb (Acquisition)Predestination and free willQiyamahShirkTakfirTawhidThe Createdness of the QuranPantheonsIslamicPracticesTarawihReligionsIslamRitualsQurbaniSchools of Religious LawHanbali SchoolSchools of TheologyAshari SchoolAthari SchoolMaturidi SchoolMutazilaComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.View At A Past YearThe atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.Show This Year