Lateran Treaty

The Lateran Treaty of 1929, concluded between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy, is the primary diplomatic instrument that established the modern Vatican City State and resolved the decades-long Roman Question between the papacy and the Italian state. As the treaty text itself, it is the direct and authoritative source for the terms both parties actually agreed to. Its limit is that it is the diplomatic instrument rather than an independent historical analysis of the political negotiations, pressures and consequences surrounding it, which a dedicated history of the period addresses on its own terms.