Divinity Atlas

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Vodou Deities

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The lwa of Haitian Vodou, served through possession, drumming, song and offering, and grouped into nations and families each with their own character, symbols and rites. Vodou formed from West and Central African religion under slavery in Saint-Domingue, in contact with Catholicism, and the lwa were widely identified with Catholic saints. It is a living religion, and one persistently misrepresented outside Haiti.

Facts
Overview
What Defines This Grouping
The lwa served in Haitian Vodou - one religion, not a regional survey. It formed in colonial Saint-Domingue among enslaved people from many West and Central African nations, and carries Fon, Yoruba and Kongo material together with Catholicism. The lwa are organised into nanchon and into the Rada and Petwo rites. Vodou is initiatory and its inner material is not reproduced here. 2
Directory
Category
Deities 1
Attestation
Era of Attestation
The religion took shape in colonial Saint-Domingue. The earliest detailed European descriptions date from the end of the eighteenth century, and Vodou is served today throughout Haiti and its diaspora. 3
Veneration Today
Served today throughout Haiti and in the Haitian diaspora. 2
Contested Use
Contested or Appropriated Modern Use
Vodou has been represented in American and European popular culture through a caricature - zombies, pins and dolls, malevolent sorcery - that took shape during and after the United States occupation of Haiti and bears almost no relation to the religion described here. 3
Origins
Origin of the Name
The name is the Fon word vodún, meaning spirit. The English spelling voodoo belongs to the sensational literature and film of the United States occupation period and after, and not to the religion. 3
Learn More
The Lwa of Haitian Vodou

This group gathers the lwa (loa), the spirits served in Haitian Vodou, a living religion that took shape among enslaved West and Central Africans in colonial Saint-Domingue, blending Fon, Yoruba, Kongo and other traditions with Catholicism. The lwa are intermediaries between humanity and the distant creator Bondye, and are served through ritual, offering and possession.

The browser will find the lwa organised into nations and families, Rada spirits of coolness and Petwo spirits of heat, including Papa Legba who opens the way, Erzulie, Ogou, Damballa and the Gede of the dead. The atlas treats Vodou as a coherent religion, not the sensationalised caricature of popular film, and notes each spirit's Catholic-saint associations where they exist.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs to Tradition

The lwa of Haitian Vodou.

Sources
2. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti
Leslie G. Desmangles, University of North Carolina Press, 1992chs. 1-2View the Source
3. Voodoo in Haiti
Alfred Metraux, Oxford University Press, 1959IntroductionView the Source
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