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Ascension Day

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Marks the withdrawal of the risen Christ into heaven on the fortieth day after Easter, narrated at the close of Luke and again at the opening of Acts. Counting forty days from a movable feast puts it always on a Thursday. The paschal candle, lit since the Easter vigil, is extinguished; the nine days that follow are days of waiting for Pentecost, and are the origin of the novena as a form. Practice has drifted with civil law: where the Thursday is no longer a public holiday, many Catholic conferences have transferred the observance to the following Sunday, a move some liturgists regard as having cost the feast its point.

Facts
Reckoning
Calendar System
Gregorian (civil solar) 2
Date Rule
The fortieth day of Eastertide, always a Thursday 2
Fixed or Movable
Computed from another feast 2
Observance
Observance Type
Feast / celebration 2
Observance Type
Commemoration of a person or event 2
Origins
Era of Composition
350 to 400 CE 1
Learn More
The Fortieth Day, and Why It Is Always a Thursday

Ascension Day marks the withdrawal of the risen Christ into heaven, narrated at the close of Luke's Gospel and again at the opening of Acts, where it is placed forty days after the resurrection. Counting forty days forward from Easter, itself a movable feast tied to the paschal moon, fixes the Ascension always on a Thursday, between 30 April and 3 June. The number forty is scriptural shorthand for a complete span of preparation; the feast closes the "great fifty days" of Eastertide at its fortieth.

In the liturgy the paschal candle, burning since the Easter vigil as a sign of the risen Christ present among the disciples, is extinguished. The ten days that follow, between the Ascension and Pentecost, are days of waiting for the promised Spirit, and are the origin of the novena as a devotional form. Where the Thursday is no longer a civil holiday, many Catholic bishops' conferences have transferred the observance to the following Sunday, a move some liturgists criticise as erasing the deliberate arithmetic of the fortieth day.

The Three Days of Walking the Parish Boundary That Lead Up to It

The three days immediately before Ascension Day are traditionally kept in the Western church as Rogation Days, a period of processional prayer for the blessing of crops and fields that predates the Ascension feast's own liturgical elaboration and that survived in some parishes as the folk custom of beating the bounds, in which parishioners walked the boundary of the parish together, marking landmarks and sometimes striking them with sticks, a practice that doubled as an oral record of property lines in an age before reliable maps and surveys.

The custom declined sharply with agricultural change and the weakening of the parish as the basic unit of English rural life, but a number of Church of England and some other parishes have deliberately kept or revived beating the bounds as a community and heritage event, walking the boundary and reciting prayers much as their medieval predecessors did, so that a small number of communities each spring still tie a genuinely ancient agricultural blessing custom to the run-up of a feast whose own explicit content, the withdrawal of Christ into heaven, has nothing directly to do with crops or boundaries at all.

In Germany, Ascension Day has acquired an entirely secular second life as Vatertag, Father's Day, an informal men's outing tradition in which groups pull small wagons loaded with drink through the countryside, a custom with no official religious content that nonetheless depends entirely on the church's fixed Thursday holiday for its date, so that the same public holiday now serves, for many Germans, a purely secular springtime social occasion running alongside, and largely independent of, the liturgical observance described above.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Ascension Day commemorates the event.

Belongs to Tradition

Amish, Denominations

Kept as a full day free of work, one of the fixed holidays of the Amish year alongside Christmas and Good Friday.

Source The Study of AnglicanismStephen Sykes, John Booty and Jonathan Knight (eds.)
Source The Book of Common PrayerChurch of England; ed. Brian Cummings

One of the Christian feast days the Church Order of Dort required the congregations to keep, alongside the Nativity, the Resurrection and Pentecost.

Source The Orthodox ChurchTimothy Ware (Kallistos Ware)
Source Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the General Roman CalendarPaul VI (motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis)

Found In

Related To

Ascension Day marks the withdrawal of the risen Christ into heaven on the fortieth day after Easter.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

The nine days following Ascension Day are days of waiting for Pentecost, the origin of the novena as a form.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Timing Rules

Sources
1. The Origins of the Liturgical Year
Thomas J. Talley, Pueblo, 1986ch. 3View the Source
2. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition
F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005s.v. AscensionView the Source
The Egyptian or Coptic Church: A Detailed Description of Her Liturgical Services
O. H. E. KHS-Burmester, Societe d'Archeologie Copte, Cairo, 1967View the Source
The Study of Anglicanism
Stephen Sykes, John Booty and Jonathan Knight (eds.), SPCK / Fortress Press, 1998
Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the General Roman Calendar
Paul VI (motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis), Holy See, 1969
The Orthodox Church
Timothy Ware (Kallistos Ware), Penguin Books, 1993View the Source
The Book of Common Prayer
Church of England; ed. Brian Cummings, Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2011View the Source
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
J. Gordon Melton (editor), ABC-CLIO, 2011Ascension of JesusView the Source
The Holy Bible
Anonymous (multiple authors), Robert Barker, 1611Luke 24:50-53; Acts 1:1-11View the Source
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