Dutch Reformed Church

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "Wikipedia's article on the 1834 Dutch Reformed Church split, documenting the 14 October 1834 signing of the Act of Secession and Return at Ulrum, Hendrik de Cock's deposition as the trigger, Hendrik..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "state and the increasingly liberal Dutch Reformed Church, funded instead by ordinary Reformed families through a national association."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "the organisational skeleton the Dutch Reformed Church built on as the Revolt against Spain gave it room to become the Dutch Republic's own public church."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "Church in America, then called the Dutch Reformed Church, around Holland, Michigan."

The synod deposed the Remonstrant ministers of the Dutch Reformed church and commissioned the Statenvertaling.

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "Online's reference article on the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC/NGK) in South Africa."

This source names Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk directly: "s article on the Dutch Reformed Church (Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk), community-edited. Reliable for the ch..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "independent of both the state and the Dutch Reformed Church, funded through a national association of ordinary Reformed families, and that Kuyper served as its first rector before later becoming..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "heresy and suspended the white Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa's membership, and that apartheid became law in 1948 and began to be dismantled in 1990."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "the merger of the vast majority of the Dutch Reformed Church" together with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the exact..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "late 1730s, that Boer farmers and the Dutch Reformed Church forced his departure, and that in November 1792 three Moravian missionaries, Hendrick Marsveld, Daniel Schwinn and Christian Kuhnel..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "Reliable for the precise 14 April 1994 date of the union of the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (formed 1963) and the Dutch Reformed Mission Church (formed 1881), both descended from Dutch Reformed..."

This source names Dutch Reformed Church directly: "Dutch Reformed Mission Church and the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, both descended from the Dutch Reformed Church's own segregated mission structures, and that the parent Dutch Reformed Church..."

The Synod of Dort met under its authority and fixed the Reformed canons on grace and election.

The Reformed churches ground the ministry in a lawful call by the church rather than in an unbroken line of bishops. The Belgic Confession has ministers chosen by lawful election of the church with prayer and good order, and Calvin argues that the succession which matters is the succession of doctrine. This is the sharpest single break with both Anglican bodies.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Monastical vows are rejected as superstitious and sinful snares in which no Christian may entangle himself.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The Confession denies that the elements are to be reserved, lifted up, carried about or worshipped, and calls such uses contrary to the nature of the sacrament.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Religious worship is not made more acceptable by the place in which it is performed, and this is the ground on which pilgrimage falls.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The rosary falls under the refusal of prayer to Mary and of set repetition as a means of acceptance.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The Confession holds that there are two sacraments only, baptism and the Lord's Supper, and that neither may be dispensed by any but a lawfully ordained minister.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The Heidelberg Catechism forbids the making of any image of God and refuses to allow images in churches as books for the unlearned, on the ground that God would have his people taught by the preaching of his word.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Prayer is to be made to God alone and, since the fall, in the name of Christ, and to no other.

Reformed theology allows no treasury of merits from which the church may grant remission, because the satisfaction is Christ's alone and complete. Calvin argues it at length in the Institutes.

The Belgic Confession sets out the marks by which the true church is known, the pure preaching of the gospel, the pure administration of the sacraments and the exercise of church discipline, and recognises no see or officer standing above them. It describes as false a church that ascribes to itself and its ordinances more authority than to the word of God.

Calvin's Institutes treat purgatory as a deadly fiction that makes void the cross of Christ, since a satisfaction that is complete leaves nothing to be worked off. No Reformed confession makes any place for it and the Dutch church inherited that rejection whole.

The preaching gown is the historic vesture of the Dutch Reformed ministry, worn with the bands of the Reformed pattern.

The Dutch Reformed tradition took the Institutes as its systematic ground, and the canons of Dordt argue from within it.

The Dutch Republic received a large share of the emigration that followed the revocation, and its Reformed churches were shaped by the refugees they took in.

Dort was the national synod of this church, and its canons stand with the Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism as its confessional standards.

Sung to the Genevan tunes in Dutch versification. The psalter was the whole of what the congregation sang until hymns were admitted in the nineteenth century, and their admission was one of the grievances that split the church.

A true partaking of Christ by the Holy Spirit through faith, defined against both neighbours at once. The Consensus Tigurinus agreed by Calvin and Bullinger in 1549 rules out a bare memorial and equally rules out any enclosing of Christ's body in the bread, and the Heidelberg Catechism denies that the bread becomes the body while teaching a real feeding on the Christ who remains in heaven.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Almsgiving is treated as a duty of the whole congregation and was made an office of the church, the deacon's, rather than left to private charity.

One of the Christian feast days the Church Order of Dort required the congregations to keep, alongside the Nativity, the Resurrection and Pentecost.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Baptism is by pouring or sprinkling, and the Confession states plainly that dipping is not necessary.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Baptism is a sign and seal of the covenant of grace, and the Confession teaches that its efficacy is not tied to the moment it is administered.

The church stands in the presbyterial camp. Ministers, elders and deacons govern together in the consistory, the consistories in a classis and the classes in synod, which is how the Synod of Dort could sit in the church's own name. No bishop stands above the assembly.

This church ended its separate existence in an act of reunion. In 2004 it joined with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, whose founders had left it in the quarrels of 1834 and 1886, and with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, to form the Protestant Church in the Netherlands.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Solemn fastings are named in the Westminster Confession as a part of religious worship, kept on particular occasions rather than by a fixed calendar.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The Reformed burial was deliberately plain, and the Westminster Directory directed that the body be interred without ceremony, which is a reaction against the medieval rite rather than an absence of one.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Ordination is to the offices of minister, elder and deacon, by a body of ministers rather than by a bishop, and it is not a sacrament.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The infants of one or both believing parents are to be baptised, and the Confession calls it a great sin to contemn or neglect the ordinance.

The Heidelberg Catechism teaches that God grants and credits to the believer the perfect satisfaction, righteousness and holiness of Christ, as if the believer had never sinned, received by a believing heart alone. The Belgic Confession says the same in its article on justification.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Marriage is not a sacrament, and the Confession treats it under the law of God rather than under the ordinances of the church.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The Christian Sabbath is kept with a rigour found nowhere else in Christianity: the whole day set apart, ordinary works, words and thoughts about worldly employments and recreations laid aside. This is the plainest Reformed distinctive in practice.

The Heidelberg Catechism teaches that human nature is so corrupted that we are wholly incapable of doing any good and inclined to all evil unless regenerated by the Spirit of God. The canons of Dort make that total inability the ground on which the doctrine of election stands.

The Heidelberg Catechism teaches that the justice of God requires the punishment of sin, and that Christ, true God and a true and righteous man, bore in body and soul the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human race, so that the debt is paid rather than overlooked.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. Prayer is treated as the chief exercise of faith, and the Heidelberg Catechism makes it the whole of its third part, on thankfulness.

The Synod of Dort sat under this church's authority between 1618 and 1619, so its canons are the church's own answer, not a borrowed one. Election is unconditional, resting on God's good pleasure and not on foreseen faith, and the canons state reprobation as a decree too, while insisting that God is in no way the author of sin. The five heads answer the Remonstrants point by point.

The Dutch church order is the continental form of presbyterial and synodical government, running from consistory through classis and particular synod to general synod. The name Presbyterian belongs to the English-speaking branch of the same order; the substance is shared.

The Heidelberg Catechism reads the second commandment as forbidding any worship of God in any other way than he has commanded in his word, and the Belgic Confession rejects human inventions introduced into the worship of God. This is what gave the Dutch churches their plain interiors and a long argument over what may lawfully be added to worship.

The Belgic Confession holds that faith is the instrument that keeps us in communion with Christ and in all his benefits, and that it does not justify by any worth of its own but because Christ is our righteousness. Works follow as fruits and add nothing to the ground.

The Belgic Confession gives its early articles to scripture, holding the canonical books sufficient for the whole doctrine of salvation and setting them above councils, custom and antiquity, so that no writing of men however holy may be compared to them.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The breaking of the bread is emphasised as a sign in itself, and the Reformed rite made the minister break the bread in the sight of the people.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards.

The Heidelberg Catechism explains the name Christian by the believer's share in the anointing of Christ as prophet, priest and king, so that every member confesses his name, presents himself a living sacrifice and reigns with him. Ordained ministry is a matter of call and order, not a separate spiritual estate.

Kept in the Dutch Reformed tradition, which holds the Heidelberg Catechism among its confessional standards. The words of institution are read as a warrant for the action, and the Reformed rite makes the reading of them a separate declaratory act.

The founding event opening a full arc now recorded for the first time, since the Dutch Reformed Church carried zero spread events and was absent from the map entirely.

The church's peak political standing at home, and the entanglement its own later reversal in 1982 and 1986 responds to.

The Dutch Reformed Church's own end as a separate body in the Netherlands, four hundred thirty three years after its 1571 founding; its South African offshoot is unaffected and continues under the same name.

The arc's close: a church that had been apartheid's theological arm for over three decades beginning, imperfectly and only after international censure, its own repentance.

The Dutch Reformed Church's own founding event, more than eight decades earlier than every other event already on its map, all of which concern its South African offshoot.

The reversal that ends the prior event's apartheid-era standing, the worldwide Reformed family's own rejection of the South African church's theology rather than an external power acting on it.

Fills the ten-year gap between 1986's renunciation of apartheid theology and 2004's merger into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, both already on this map, with the Dutch Reformed family's own most consequential domestic unification.