Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism is held in most Andean communities together with the huaca, Pachamama and apu complex rather than in place of it.

Benedictine monk of Bec and Archbishop of Canterbury (1093 to 1109); canonized, and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1720.

Keeper of the Shroud of Turin since 1578, with ownership passed to the Holy See in 1983.

One of the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome, keeping Passion relics traditionally associated with Helena's collecting.

A Catholic parish church keeping the Holy Tunic venerated as the garment Jesus wore at his crucifixion.

Christianity, in its Catholic form, has been theirs for many centuries; the Society of Jesus was founded by a Basque.

The French crown enforced Catholic religious uniformity in the Cevennes after 1685, and the war was fought against that campaign of forced conversion.

Keeps the Sudarium of Oviedo, venerated as the head cloth of Jesus, within the Camara Santa.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "own library research guide on Roman Catholicism in western Pennsylvania records that a February 1967 student retreat organized by Ralph Keifer and William Storey at the Ark and the Dove retreat..."

Pope from 1523 to 1534.

From the excommunication decree of 1949 through Ostpolitik to John Paul II and Solidarity, the Catholic Church was a principal actor on the religious front.

The decrees Haec sancta and Frequens issued here are the high point of the conciliar claim against papal authority.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Ecuadorian state.

Clovis accepted Catholic rather than Arian Christianity around the turn of the sixth century, aligning the kingdom with the bishops of Gaul.

The established Catholic Church, alongside the region's secular princes, was among the authorities the rebels' Twelve Articles challenged.

Green is the vestment colour of Ordinary Time in the Roman Rite, the weeks that fall outside the Christmas and Easter cycles and their preparatory seasons. It is by a wide margin the commonest colour of the liturgical year.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Guatemalan state.

Emperors were crowned by popes and fought them for the right to invest bishops, a contest settled in form at Worms in 1122.

The Avignon papacy and the Western Schism ran through the war, and Joan of Arc was condemned by a Catholic tribunal in 1431 and canonised by the same church in 1920.

Five successive popes authorized crusades against the Hussites, and the institutional Catholic Church, through the Council of Basel, was the party that ultimately negotiated the settlement permitting Utraquist practice.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "The Roman Catholic Church in Austria's own official explanation of the Kirchenbeitrag, the mandatory contribution owed by registered members under the 1939 Church Contribution Act, roughly one..."

Catholicism followed after 1697, with Maya practice continuing beside it.

Joachim of Fiore composed and taught this calculation as a Catholic abbot in good standing and was never condemned in his own lifetime; only a later, posthumously attributed treatise on the Trinity was censured, and his own order was explicitly left undisturbed.

She was baptised a Catholic and claimed possession by Saint Anthony of Padua. Capuchin missionaries condemned her, and the record of her movement is theirs rather than her own.

The kingdom took the Papal States and then Rome, and three popes refused to leave the Vatican until the settlement of 1929.

Catholicism was adopted by the kingdom's own decision in 1491 and remained the religion of the state for four centuries.

A Gothic ossuary chapel whose cemetery soil was, by local tradition, sanctified with earth brought from Golgotha by an abbot returning from the Holy Land.

Pope from 1513 to 1521.

The archbishop of Lyon holds the title Primate of the Gauls, and the conclave rules of 1274 were enacted here.

Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his death.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Frisian priest whose 1536 break from Roman Catholicism and subsequent leadership consolidated the Anabaptist movement that became known as Mennonite, is a community edited tertiary encyclopedia..."

Catholicism has been held in many Mesoamerican communities since the sixteenth century alongside the older calendar and pantheon.

Keeps the Santo Caliz, venerated by many Catholics as the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.

The besieging army was raised and led by Munster's own expelled Catholic prince-bishop, Franz von Waldeck, though it was reinforced by Lutheran territories that shared his opposition to the Anabaptist regime.

Catholicism has been held in most Nahua communities since 1521 alongside continuing household and healing practice.

The Concordat of 1801 restored Catholic worship in France on the state's terms; by 1809 he had annexed the Papal States and taken Pius VII into custody.

A concordat was signed with the Vatican in July 1933; Rome protested its breaches in the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge.

The creed of 325, in its later expanded form, is recited at Mass in the Latin church.

Career canon of Frauenburg Cathedral; dedicated De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) directly to Pope Paul III seeking the Church's protection for the work.

She was baptised Ana de Sousa at Luanda in 1622, afterwards returned to Mbundu ritual practice, and reconciled with the Capuchin mission in the 1650s.

The canons of 529 were confirmed by Boniface II in 531 and are quoted in Catholic teaching on grace.

The Catholic All Souls observance that Dia de los Muertos is built around in most of Mexico.

Catholicism has been present since the seventeenth century, held alongside rather than in place of the older kiva-based observance.

The Franciscan mission system was the specific institution whose decades of suppressing Pueblo ceremonial life the revolt was organized to end, and Franciscan missions and missionaries were its principal target.

Roman Catholicism is held together with address to Pachamama and the apu, and evangelical Protestantism has grown since the later twentieth century.

Roman Catholicism runs the only centralised juridical process for recognising saints.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "enslaved Yoruba practice blended with Roman Catholicism, the only legally permitted religion under Spanish colonial rule, and Spiritism; and for the 1960s emigration following the 1959 Cuban..."

The wartime diplomacy of Pius XII and the conduct of the Catholic Church through the war remain among the most debated questions in modern church history.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "sexual abuse of minors within the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands from 1945 onward."

The rebel population descended from converts of the earlier Portuguese Jesuit mission to Kyushu.

The massacre's victims were the Huguenot Reformed Protestant population of Paris and the provinces.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Buddhism, Judaism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Islam, Protestantism and World Christianity."

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the Czechoslovak communist state.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the revolutionary French state.

The targeted tradition: Catholic clergy and laity were the victims of this campaign, in contrast to the Marian Persecutions' targeting of Protestants a generation earlier.

The tribunal enforced Catholic orthodoxy against suspected Judaizers, crypto-Hindu practice and other perceived heresy; this is an Associated With edge to the enforcing tradition, not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the Portuguese crown's own institution.

The rural Catholic Church's catechist and clergy network, tied to liberation theology, was targeted alongside the Maya communities the army was attacking.

The German Empire's Catholic clergy and laity were the campaign's target throughout.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "and 1558, following her restoration of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and her revival of the medieval heresy laws."

The enforcing tradition, exercised through both the local bishop's episcopal authority and the later crown-appointed Holy Office; not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the colonial church and crown institution itself.

Malagrida's formal condemnation was carried out through the machinery of the Portuguese Inquisition, itself an instrument of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority even as it acted here under direct crown pressure.

The tribunal enforced Catholic orthodoxy against suspected Judaizing among the Converso population; this is an Associated With edge to the enforcing tradition, not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the Portuguese crown's own institution acting under papal authorization.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrators acted under a revolutionary political programme, not a rival religious tradition.

Pope Clement V co-acted through the 1312 dissolution bull. This is an intra-Catholic episode, crown against a Church-chartered military order with papal complicity, not one tradition persecuting a rival, so this edge is Associated With rather than a perpetrator-tradition edge.

Northern Ireland's Catholic community supplied the great majority of the conflict's republican and nationalist combatants and voters, though McGarry and O'Leary's own reading holds the conflict's deeper divide is national rather than doctrinal.

The Habsburg emperors and the Catholic League fought to hold and reclaim the Empire for Catholicism, from the White Mountain to the Edict of Restitution.

The Tridentine liturgical books, catechism and profession of faith all take their name from the council held here.

The cathedral of Trier is a Roman Catholic see.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "75 of the 1949 constitution naming Roman Catholicism the state religion, the Catholic Church's special legal recognition under its 1852 concordat with the Holy See rather than registration as an..."

Built around the abbey Bridget of Sweden founded, motherhouse of the Bridgettine order's expansion across northern Europe.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "in roughly the way Rome functions for Roman Catholicism."

Ngo Dinh Diem's Catholic administration governed a Buddhist majority, and the church's colonial era privileges were at the centre of the 1963 crisis.

The Catholic Five Cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug were the other organized party to both wars, fighting to preserve Catholic worship in the Confederation's jointly governed territories against Zurich's Reformation policy; Gordon records that the First War began after Catholic Schwyz executed a Reformed preacher for heresy. This edge names that community's part as the historical record gives it; it is not an assertion that Roman Catholicism as such initiated the conflict, which Gordon attributes chiefly to Zurich's own expansionist religious policy.

The Cristero rebels fought in defense of Roman Catholic religious practice against state suppression, though the Church hierarchy itself did not officially direct the uprising.

The papacy formally sponsored later Reconquista campaigns as crusades from the twelfth century onward.

The tribunals were organs of the Catholic Church, under papal authority in the medieval and Roman inquisitions and under the Spanish crown from 1478.

An Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome, Byzantine in rite.

Trent's sixth session, in 1547, affirmed that grace makes a person genuinely righteous and that a justified person cooperates in meritorious works, and anathematized the proposition that the sinner is justified by faith alone.

The Council of Trent answered the principle in its fourth session in 1546, receiving the unwritten apostolic traditions with equal reverence alongside the canonical scriptures and reserving the interpretation of scripture to the church.

Trent's twenty-third session, in 1563, affirmed a visible and external priesthood in the New Testament and anathematized the view that all Christians alike hold power to preach and to administer the sacraments.

The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited membership of Freemasonry since 1738 and has restated the prohibition since, holding the obligations a candidate undertakes to be incompatible with the obedience a Catholic owes his church. A Catholic who joins is barred from communion.

The cult was suppressed by decree in 1900, which forbade writing or speaking of the relic on pain of the gravest censure. It is the clearest case of Rome closing down a devotion it had tolerated for centuries.

Calvin's works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Council of Trent answered the Institutes point by point on justification, the sacraments and the authority of scripture.

Rome refused the statute, and those who would not swear to it, More and Fisher among them, are counted in the Roman calendar as martyrs.

Pius X condemned the separation law in 1906 and forbade the associations of worship it required, so the French church lost the use of its buildings rather than accept the arrangement.

Rome never received the Trullan canons. Pope Sergius refused to sign them, and several bear directly against Roman practice, including the canon permitting a married priesthood. This is a council the East holds and the West does not, which is the reverse of the usual direction.

The Roman catechism names astrology among the forms of divination to be rejected, together with horoscopes, clairvoyance, the interpretation of omens and recourse to mediums, on the ground that they contradict the honour owed to God alone.

The founders were Catholic, and the movement grew out of claimed Marian apparitions.

The abbess governs a community of nuns with the same authority within her house that an abbot has in his.

The abbot is elected by the professed monks of the house and holds it for life, and the Rule gives him wide discretion tempered by the counsel of the community.

Sung in full in the Byzantine Catholic churches in communion with Rome, and used in Latin parishes in translation as a devotion apart from the Mass.

The white full length tunic worn beneath the outer vestments by ministers of every rank.

Sung before the gospel and suppressed for the whole of Lent, so that its return at the Easter Vigil is heard as an event.

The altar is consecrated and anointed, and Latin practice reads it as the table of the supper and the place of the sacrifice at once.

The people's assent, said at the end of every prayer and at the receiving of communion.

The existence of angels is a truth of faith in Roman teaching, attested by scripture and by tradition together, and they appear throughout the liturgy.

Rome holds that the apostles had no successors in their office as witnesses of the resurrection, and that what passed to the bishops was their pastoral charge rather than the apostolate itself.

The sprinkler used at the rite of blessing water, at dedications and at the absolution of the dead.

Repeated fifty-three times in a full rosary.

Set as an antiphon in plainchant long before any composer took the text up, and sung on the Marian feasts.

The basilica was built to house the relics of the Passion brought from Jerusalem, and its earth is held to have been carried from there.

The basilica houses the small dark image of the Immaculate Conception recovered by fishermen in the eighteenth century, and is the national shrine of Brazil.

The tunic kept at Argenteuil is venerated as the seamless robe and is shown publicly at long intervals.

The beguines lived a religious life without vows and outside any order, which is exactly why they were repeatedly investigated and finally suppressed by a council. They were present in the medieval church and never regularised by it.

The stiffened square cap of the Latin clergy, whose colour and number of peaks mark the wearer's degree.

A distinct and highest order of the sacrament of orders, holding the fullness of the priesthood, and the only minister who can ordain.

The book of the hours, which clergy and religious are bound to pray daily.

Becket's shrine drew Catholic pilgrimage from across Europe until it was destroyed in 1538, and the cathedral remains a Catholic pilgrimage destination without being a Catholic church.

The college of cardinals exists so that there is a defined body of men who elect the pope, and membership carries precedence over every bishop who is not one.

Choir and everyday dress for the Latin clergy, worn under the surplice or the alb and coloured by rank, black for a priest, violet for a bishop, scarlet for a cardinal.

The cathedral holds the sudarium in a chest venerated since the medieval period, shown on a small number of fixed days a year.

The cup of the eucharist, required to be of noble material and blessed before use.

The cup at Valencia has been used by visiting popes at Mass, which is an honour paid to the tradition and not a judgement on the object.

Charity is the form of the virtues in Roman teaching, the love of God for his own sake that orders faith and hope to their end.

Chastity in Roman teaching is the successful integration of sexuality within the person, required of every baptised person in the form proper to their state of life.

The chasuble is the vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass in the Roman rite, worn over the alb and stole.

The monogram is cut into the paschal candle at the Easter vigil, worked into vestments and altar linen, and set on tombs. It is the older Christian sign in Roman use and it never displaced the cross.

The oil consecrated by the bishop at the chrism Mass, used at baptism, at confirmation, at ordination and at the dedication of an altar.

Bells are blessed, often named, and rung at the consecration as well as to call the parish.

The organ is named as the instrument held in the highest esteem in the Latin church, and its use is restrained rather than forbidden in the penitential seasons.

A priest alone may consecrate the Eucharist and absolve, and only a bishop may ordain, so the category is defined by what the laity may not do.

Ordinary daily dress for the secular clergy outside liturgical functions, in place of the cassock in most countries since the twentieth century.

The codex has been in the Vatican Library since at least its catalogue of 1475 and is among the manuscripts the modern Roman critical editions of the New Testament rest on.

Restored the Roman Catholic Church's legal standing in France

Augustine is the doctor whose account of grace, sin and the will the Roman tradition built on, and the Confessions is the work in which that account is set out as a life rather than as an argument.

The consecration of virgins living in the world was restored as a distinct vocation in 1970, and a woman so consecrated is answerable to her bishop rather than to a religious superior.

The full open mantle worn for processions, for benediction and for the offices, where a chasuble belongs only to the Eucharist.

The sign of the cross opens and closes every act of Latin worship, and a cross stands on or beside the altar at every Mass.

Kept in Paris and venerated publicly on the Fridays of Lent, and carried out of the burning cathedral in 2019 ahead of everything else in it.

A cross bearing the figure of Christ crucified is required to be visible to the people at Mass, so the sculpted corpus is not optional in the Roman rite.

The deacon's outer vestment at Mass, and worn by a bishop beneath the chasuble at a solemn pontifical liturgy to show that he holds the lower orders too.

A deacon is ordained but not to the priesthood, and since the Second Vatican Council the diaconate has been restored as a permanent office open to married men.

Saint Patrick's Breastplate is carried in the hymnals of Irish and diaspora parishes as devotion, and belongs to no part of the missal.

Rome holds the fall of the angels as a real event and retains a rite of exorcism reserved to the bishop's delegate, so the subject remains a matter of pastoral practice rather than of history.

The declaration on religious liberty holds that the human person has a right to immunity from coercion in religious matters, a position the Roman magisterium had previously refused.

The diocese is the basic unit of the Catholic church rather than a subdivision of it, and its bishop governs, ordains and teaches within his territory in his own right.

Envy is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, the sadness at another's good and the desire for it inordinately.

Unleavened wheat bread and grape wine, held after the consecration to be the body and blood of Christ under the appearance of bread and wine.

The bull condemned forty-one propositions drawn from Luther's writings and gave him sixty days to recant on pain of excommunication.

Rome holds faith as an infused theological virtue that must be formed by charity if it is to justify, so faith without love is called dead faith rather than saving faith.

The shrine grew from apparitions reported by three children in 1917, and the associated messages have been a substantial thread in twentieth century Catholic devotion.

Fortitude is the cardinal virtue Rome defines as the firmness that pursues the good in the face of difficulty and, in the extreme case, renounces life itself.

Grains of the resin are put on charcoal and the altar, the gifts, the gospel book, the ministers and the people are censed in turn.

The mendicant orders are a Western creation of the thirteenth century, and the friar, unlike the monk, belongs to an order rather than to a house.

Gabriel is one of the three archangels the Roman calendar names on 29 September, honoured as the messenger of the Annunciation.

A Catholic pilgrimage is held at the abbey each year on a separate day, on a site the diocese owns and the Catholic church does not.

Sung at Mass on Sundays and feasts and omitted through Advent and Lent, so that its return marks the season changing.

Gluttony is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration.

The book of the gospels is carried in procession, incensed and kissed, and is treated as the presence of Christ speaking.

Avarice is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, the disordered desire for possession.

Named in the constitution on the liturgy as proper to the Roman rite and given first place among its forms of sung worship.

The eight modes that classify the chant repertory and decide which psalm tone follows which antiphon.

The Vienna lance belonged to the imperial regalia rather than to the church, and Rome has made no claim for it.

Blessed water at the doors of a church recalls baptism, and its use at entering is a renewal of that sacrament rather than an act of its own.

Hope is the second of the three theological virtues in Roman teaching, the desire for the kingdom of heaven and eternal life as one's happiness, resting on Christ's promises.

The encyclical of 1968 reaffirmed the Roman teaching that each conjugal act must remain open to the transmission of life, against the recommendation of the commission that had studied the question.

The fish belongs to the catacombs and to the Greek acrostic behind it, and its modern use is devotional and popular rather than liturgical. No rite calls for it and no vesture carries it by rule.

The monastery holds the icon of the Black Madonna and is the national shrine of Poland, and the defence of the monastery in 1655 became a founding episode of Polish Catholic identity.

Received in the West through translations of the Philokalia and read as private devotion rather than taught as a discipline of the rite.

Justice is the cardinal virtue Rome defines as the constant and firm will to give God and neighbour their due.

The Templars were founded as a religious order under papal protection and were suppressed by the pope at the Council of Vienne in 1312, after a trial conducted largely by the French crown. The order belonged to the Roman church and was ended by it.

Kept in Greek at the beginning of Mass, one of the few Greek phrases the Latin rite never translated.

The encyclical of 2015 addresses the care of the common home and is the first to make ecology the subject of a papal document of that rank.

The grotto where a young woman reported apparitions in 1858, and the spring associated with them, receive several million pilgrims a year and a formal medical bureau examines reported cures.

Lust is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, the disordered desire for sexual pleasure separated from its ends.

The teaching office of the pope and the bishops in communion with him, exercised solemnly in definitions and ordinarily in the constant teaching of the bishops throughout the world.

Said or sung every day at Evening Prayer in the Liturgy of the Hours.

The lace head covering was once ordinary for women at Mass in the Latin west. It is worn by choice now and required nowhere.

Danced on Catholic feast days in northern Mexico and in the Rio Grande villages, at the church door and in procession rather than within the Mass.

The Roman calendar keeps 29 September as the feast of Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the three archangels named in the scriptures Rome receives, and Michael is invoked in the Roman rite as the defender of the people of God.

The book of the Mass, whose typical edition is issued in Latin and translated for each conference of bishops.

The encyclical of 1937 was written in German and read from the pulpits of Germany, protesting the breaches of the concordat and condemning the deification of race and state.

Worn by bishops and abbots of the Latin church in the two peaked western form, whose two points are read as the two testaments.

Monastic life under a written rule has been continuous in the Latin church since Benedict, and its houses are self-governing under their own abbots.

Western monasticism is governed by a rule, most often that of Benedict, and the monk vows stability, obedience and conversion of life to a particular house.

An honorific the pope confers on certain priests, carrying rank and dress but no additional order or jurisdiction.

The vessel in which the consecrated host is exposed for adoration outside Mass, a devotion held to follow from the reservation of the sacrament.

Blended with frankincense in the grains blessed at the Easter vigil and set into the paschal candle, where the five marks stand for the wounds.

The declaration of 1965 on the church's relation to non-Christian religions repudiated the charge of collective guilt against the Jewish people and is the hinge of modern Catholic interreligious teaching.

The cathedral of Paris, gutted by fire in 2019 and reopened in 2024.

Canon law distinguishes nuns under solemn vows in enclosure from sisters in active congregations, and both are large in the Roman Catholic Church.

The basilica at Tepeyac holds the image associated with the apparitions of 1531 and is the most visited Catholic shrine in the Americas.

Conferred by the pope on metropolitan archbishops as the sign of their office and of their communion with Rome.

Composed by Thomas Aquinas for the feast of Corpus Christi and sung at the procession, its last two stanzas standing alone at Benediction.

The bishop of Rome holds universal ordinary jurisdiction over the whole church, together with the power to teach infallibly when defining doctrine on faith or morals, as set out by the First Vatican Council in 1870.

In Catholic law the parish is a defined territory whose pastor holds an office with fixed rights and a duty of care toward everyone living in it.

Lit from the new fire at the Easter vigil and burned through the fifty days, at baptisms and at funerals.

The First Vatican Council defined the pope's universal and immediate jurisdiction and his infallibility when he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the whole Church.

The plate that carries the host, blessed with the chalice before first use and treated with the same care afterward.

The collection has been read in the West since its translation but belongs to a tradition of prayer the Roman church did not form.

The bishop of Rome, holding universal jurisdiction over the whole church and, since 1870, defined as preserved from error when he teaches on faith or morals from the chair of Peter.

Pride heads the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, called capital because they engender other sins and other vices.

The priest is ordained to offer the sacrifice of the Mass and to absolve, and in the Latin church he is ordinarily bound to celibacy.

Prudence is the first of the four cardinal virtues in Roman teaching, the disposition that discerns the true good in each circumstance and chooses the right means to it.

Appointed in the psalter of the Liturgy of the Hours and read or sung at funerals.

Raphael is the third archangel of the Roman feast of 29 September, named in the Book of Tobit, which Rome receives as canonical scripture.

The relics at Santa Croce in Gerusalemme are the Roman collection of the passion relics and have a basilica built around them.

The habit of an order is worn as the public sign of consecrated life, and its form is set by the institute rather than by the liturgy.

Friars, clerks regular and apostolic congregations are organised into provinces under a superior general so that members can be moved and directed to work outside a single house.

Relics are venerated and were once required in the altar stone. The veneration is directed to the saint and not to the remains.

The encyclical of 1891 on capital and labour is the founding document of the Roman church's social teaching, affirming the right to private property alongside the right to a living wage and to association.

The book of 1614 set the form of the Roman rite's occasional offices, baptism, marriage, burial, blessings and exorcism, and governed them until they were revised piecemeal after the Second Vatican Council.

The Marian rosary is commended as a form of popular piety drawn from the liturgy and leading back to it.

The Rule governs the Augustinian canons and friars and, through them, a large part of the Roman church's active religious life.

The Rule governs the Benedictine, Cistercian and Trappist houses of the Roman communion and shaped the whole Western pattern of the daily office.

Rome canonises after a judicial process, and a canonised saint may be venerated publicly and invoked in prayer throughout the church.

The basilica stands over the necropolis in which the burial place of Peter is traditionally identified, and is the principal church of the Catholic world without being its cathedral.

The cathedral holds the shrine identified with the apostle James, and the roads leading to it have carried pilgrims continuously since the medieval period.

Worn in its full form by members of religious orders and in the small form by any enrolled layperson, as a devotional habit attached to a confraternity.

The Council of Trent required a seminary in every diocese, and the residential model it set spread by imitation well beyond the Catholic church.

The Holy See permits the veneration of the shroud and has never pronounced on its authenticity, which is a settled position rather than an unfinished one.

Sloth is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, spiritual laziness that refuses the joy that comes from God.

The sequence of the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows, and the hymn sung between the Stations of the Cross.

Worn by deacons, priests and bishops as the mark of ordained order, over the alb at every liturgical function.

The bull declares the peoples of the Americas to be true men, capable of receiving the faith, and not to be deprived of their liberty or their property.

Leo XIII prescribed the teaching of Thomas Aquinas as the ground of Catholic philosophy and theology in 1879, and the Summa held that place in seminary formation for most of the century that followed.

Worn over the cassock by ministers, servers and choristers for the offices, for processions and for anything that is not the Mass itself.

Sung at vigils, youth gatherings and pilgrimages without belonging to the order of any rite.

Sung at the Office of Readings on Sundays and feasts, and at the announcement of a new pope.

Temperance in Roman teaching moderates the attraction of pleasure and provides balance in the use of created goods, which admits the moderate use of wine rather than requiring abstinence.

The basilica holds the tomb of Francis and is the mother church of the Franciscan order.

The underground cemeteries of the Roman church hold the earliest Christian burial art, and several remain in the care of the Vatican.

The Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land holds the Latin share, with the chapel of the apparition and defined rights in the shrine over the tomb and at the stone of anointing.

The Latin share is held by the Franciscans, whose church of Saint Catherine adjoins the basilica and from which the Christmas midnight liturgy is broadcast.

The two cities of Augustine's answer to the sack of Rome became the frame in which the Western church understood its relation to the political order.

Received as an ecumenical council for having ended the schism of three rival claimants to the papacy, though Rome does not receive its conciliarist decree that a council stands above a pope.

The third ecumenical council, and the source of the title Mother of God, which Rome holds to be a statement about the identity of Christ before it is a statement about his mother.

Received as an ecumenical council, and the decree of union with the Greeks is read in Rome as a settlement that the East afterwards abandoned rather than one that failed.

The council that answered the Reformation, and its decrees on scripture and tradition, on justification and on the seven sacraments are the foundation of Roman Catholic teaching down to the present.

The Roman Catholic Church is not a member of the World Council and was not present at its constitution. It has sent observers to the assemblies since the nineteen sixties and works with the council through a joint commission.

The second ecumenical council, and the creed in the form Rome uses at Mass is the one this council issued rather than the shorter text of 325.

Rome numbers Nicaea the first of the ecumenical councils and reads its confession of the Son as of one substance with the Father as the fixed measure of Christian belief about Christ.

The council that defined the universal jurisdiction of the pope and his infallibility when he teaches on faith and morals from the chair of Peter.

Received as the twelfth ecumenical council, and the council at which transubstantiation was defined and annual confession and communion required of every believer.

The robe at Trier is exposed at long intervals and draws large pilgrimages when it is, and the diocese presents it as an object of devotion rather than as an authenticated relic.

The treaty of 1929 settled the Roman question, recognised the sovereignty of the Vatican City State and remains the legal basis of the Holy See's independence.

The cathedral of Cordoba, consecrated after the city was taken in 1236, with a Renaissance choir built into the middle of the prayer hall in the sixteenth century.

The concordat of 1933 guaranteed the church's freedom in Germany in exchange for the withdrawal of the clergy from party politics; it survived the regime that signed it and remains in force.

The fifth ecumenical council, received for its condemnation of the Three Chapters and its reading of Chalcedon in a Cyrilline sense.

Received as the fourteenth ecumenical council, and the first of the two at which a reunion with the Greek church was proclaimed.

The seventh ecumenical council, which distinguished the veneration owed to an image from the worship owed to God alone, and settled the legitimacy of images in the Latin west as well as the Greek east.

Received for its canons against the view that the first movement toward God is the unaided work of the human will.

The council that reset the Roman Catholic Church relation to the liturgy, to the other churches and to the modern world, and every later Roman document is read in its light.

The synod at which the Northumbrian church took the Roman reckoning of Easter and the Roman tonsure, and Bede tells it as the moment the English church joined the practice of the wider Latin west.

Catholic brothers belong to the community and Catholic pilgrims form much of the crowd, but the community is not a Catholic institution and is not under a Catholic superior.

The sixth ecumenical council, received for its definition of two wills and two operations in Christ, and remembered in Rome for condemning one of its own bishops, Honorius.

The Spanish council at which the Visigothic kingdom abandoned Arianism, and one of the earliest places where the creed is recited with the addition that the Spirit proceeds from the Son as well as the Father.

Received as the eleventh ecumenical council, and the source of the rule that a pope is elected by a two thirds majority of the cardinals.

Incense is used at Mass, at the gospel, at the offerings and at the altar, and at funerals over the body.

The shroud is kept in the cathedral and the church permits its veneration while never having pronounced on its origin.

The bull declares that submission to the Roman pontiff is necessary for salvation, and its closing sentence is the strongest single statement of papal authority in the medieval canon.

Uriel is not among the three archangels the Roman calendar names on 29 September and has no feast in the Roman rite, though the name is old in Western devotion and appears in the Latin text of 2 Esdras.

The cup kept in the cathedral is venerated as the chalice of the last supper and has been used by visiting popes.

The veil has a devotion attached to it and no authenticated object behind it, several churches having held a claim at once.

Sung at Pentecost, at ordinations and at the opening of a conclave.

Sung at Vespers in Passiontide and at the carrying in of the cross.

The Catholic national shrine is at the Slipper Chapel a mile outside the village, restored to use in the nineteen thirties, and it keeps its own pilgrimage.

Wrath is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, a desire for revenge that goes beyond the correction of a fault.

The small skullcap, coloured by rank, retained under the mitre and removed only at the canon of the Mass.

The sequence was taken out of the funeral Mass in the reform of 1970 and placed in the last week of the year in the Liturgy of the Hours, so the same verses are still sung but no longer over the dead. The older Roman rite keeps them in the Requiem.

In the Latin church a metropolitan is simply the archbishop of a province, with limited oversight of its suffragan dioceses and no rank between bishop and patriarch.

Rome has patriarchal sees in the Latin church and reckons Eastern Catholic patriarchs among its own hierarchy, but the title carries nothing like the standing it has in the East.

The Synod of Bishops established in 1965 advises the pope and does not legislate, so the word names a consultative body in Catholic use and a governing one almost everywhere else.

The Latin rite sings the thrice-holy once a year, in the reproaches of Good Friday and alternately in Greek and Latin, where the Byzantine rite sings it at every liturgy.

Atonement for sin through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Grace as God's unearned favor and enabling power is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Real Presence in the Eucharist, defined as transubstantiation, is dogma per the Council of Trent's decree on the Eucharist, Session 13.

Satisfaction, in modified forms, with recapitulation retained as a frame. The satisfaction account holds that the offence of sin against the divine honour required a compensation only the God-man could render.

Grace as infused and cooperating with the will, received through the sacraments. Signatory to the 1999 Joint Declaration with the Lutheran World Federation.

Transubstantiation: the substance of the bread and wine becomes the body and blood, the appearances remaining. Defined at the Fourth Lateran Council and at Trent.

The Holy See issued a joint statement in 2023 repudiating the concept of discovery that this bull and its successors were later used to support, and stating that they had never been expressions of the Catholic faith.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in repudiating the concept of discovery in 2023, alongside an acknowledgement of the harm the doctrine was used to justify.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in its 2023 repudiation of the concept of discovery, which it stated had been manipulated for political purposes by colonial powers.

Fiducia Supplicans, the Vatican's 2023 declaration on the pastoral meaning of blessings, permits a priest to offer a brief, non liturgical blessing to a same sex couple while stating explicitly that this is not an approval of their union and does not equate to marriage; ordination remains closed under the Church's own instructions. The Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar publicly declined to implement even that blessing in its own dioceses the following year, so reception of Rome's own position is itself divided.

The Code recognises the abbess as major superior of an autonomous monastery of nuns, holding the same ordinary power over her community that an abbot holds over his.

The Code recognises the abbot as major superior of an autonomous monastery, holding ordinary power over his community under the constitutions of his institute.

An act of contrition is required of the penitent in the sacrament of penance, in one of several approved forms.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Daniel.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Esther.

He made Catholicism the religion of the Kongo court, corresponded with Lisbon and Rome, and saw his son Henrique consecrated bishop in 1518.

The Agnus Dei is sung or said during the breaking of the bread in the Order of Mass.

A commemoration proper to the Roman Catholic calendar, resting on the doctrine of purgatory and intercession for the dead.

Almsgiving stands with prayer and fasting as one of the three works of penance this church names, and the corporal works of mercy give it its shape.

Ordained at Shanghai in 1845, the first Korean born Catholic priest, and executed the following year.

Since the Second Vatican Council the anointing has been offered to the seriously ill rather than only to the dying, and it may be received more than once.

Apocalyptic and eschatological revelation is received as canonical and doctrinally significant across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Apostolic succession, an unbroken line of ordination from the apostles, is claimed and taught as doctrine by this tradition.

Canon 435 places an archdiocese under an archbishop, who is also metropolitan of his province and carries a defined and limited oversight of the suffragan dioceses within it.

An archbishop governs an ecclesiastical province or a major archdiocese, a rank above ordinary bishop, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 435 to 438.

The Shroud is owned by the Holy See and entrusted to the archbishop of Turin as its custodian, so the holder is a Catholic diocesan office rather than a museum.

Baptism is the gateway sacrament, ordinarily by pouring rather than immersion, and in an emergency it may be conferred validly by any person, including one who is not baptised.

Baptism is held to mark the soul with an indelible character and to found the whole Christian life, so that living the baptismal promises is the ordinary form of discipleship.

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is a Catholic basilica in Rome founded to house relics of the Passion, and it holds them as a place of pilgrimage rather than as a collection.

National Marian shrine of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil.

The Basilica of Saint-Denys at Argenteuil is a Catholic parish church, and the tunic it keeps is shown at intervals set by the diocese rather than on permanent display.

The beatific vision, the direct sight of God after death, is dogma per the papal bull Benedictus Deus, 1336.

Matches Roman Catholicism already carried alongside Christianity by the other Catholic religious institutions on file.

Held the papal office; his 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum reopened general use of the pre-conciliar Roman Missal.

The Benedictus is the gospel canticle of Lauds, said every morning.

A Franciscan of the first missionary generation in Mexico.

Bishops, successors of the apostles by episcopal consecration, govern dioceses in communion with the Pope, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 375 to 380.

Canon 375 holds that bishops succeed the apostles by divine institution and are constituted pastors in the Church, with the office of teaching, sanctifying and governing.

Held the papal office and gave his own Roman house over as a monastery.

Held the papal office from Rome.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, covering both First and Second Maccabees.

Held the papal office; canonized Vincent Ferrer and ordered the retrial that annulled the condemnation of Joan of Arc.

Catholics light tapers before a shrine or an icon and leave them.

Canon law is a formal, codified legal system in this tradition, per the Code of Canon Law.

Canudos was a lay Catholic penitential and millenarian community, built around a preacher who worked to restore Catholic worship in the backlands even as the settlement's own religious authority stood apart from the institutional church's control.

Cardinals form the Pope's senior council and, gathered as the College of Cardinals, elect his successor, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 349 to 359.

Canon 349 constitutes the cardinals as a special college whose particular charge is the election of the Roman Pontiff, and who assist him collegially in the graver questions and individually in the government of the Church.

A confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development and social service organizations, headquartered at the Vatican and canonically linked to the Holy See, per Caritas Internationalis's own description.

The twentieth century revival is practiced today chiefly in the Roman Catholic Church, though other Christian traditions have adapted comparable forms.

Notre-Dame de Paris is the cathedral church of the Catholic archdiocese of Paris. The relics it holds are kept as objects of devotion, and the building is in worship rather than in collection.

The cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the United States.

The Cathedral of San Salvador at Oviedo keeps the Sudarium in the Camara Santa, a Catholic reliquary chapel, and shows it on a small number of fixed days each year.

Catholic Charities USA is the national office of the United States Catholic bishops' own diocesan social service agency network.

The national body of Roman Catholic dioceses in Germany, organized through the German Bishops' Conference (Deutsche Bischofskonferenz).

CRS is the international humanitarian and development agency of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.

Rome requires celibacy of its Latin-rite priests as well as of monks and nuns, a discipline rather than a doctrine, and one it has never imposed on its Eastern Catholic churches, whose parish clergy may be married.

The lay power on which the Catholic side of the Reformation crisis depended, and the ruler who pressed the papacy for two decades to call the council that met at Trent.

A pre-Reformation civic Catholic production; Elizabethan authorities judged the surviving cycle Popery and suppressed it in 1578.

Christian eschatology, the doctrine of last things, is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition, though particulars vary.

Kept on December 25 as a solemnity with its own vigil, and one of the days on which every Catholic is bound to attend Mass.

The blessing of a mother after childbirth survives in the Roman ritual books as an optional rite, having been near universal in the West before the twentieth century.

Restored the Roman Catholic Church's legal standing in France

Catholics confess privately to a priest, who absolves under an absolute seal of secrecy, and the church obliges the confession of grave sin at least once a year; a penance is assigned, and indulgences are attached to the sacrament.

Confirmation is separated from baptism and is ordinarily conferred by a bishop at an age of discretion, which is the point on which the Western and Eastern practice divide.

Catholic dedication of a church involves anointing the altar with chrism and depositing relics beneath it.

The biblical covenant tradition, old and new, is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Creation ex nihilo is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

He wrote as a Spanish parish priest, gathering testimony from Quechua speaking informants for the church's use.

Restored as a permanent order of its own by the Second Vatican Council, which taught that the deacon is ordained not to the priesthood but to a ministry of service, of the word and of charity.

Deacons are ordained to a ministry of service, word and charity, either as a step toward the priesthood or permanently, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 1008 to 1009 and 236.

Deutscher Caritasverband is the institutional association of Catholic Caritas in Germany, recognised by the German Catholic bishops, so linked to Roman Catholicism.

The movement was a renewal within the late medieval Western church.

As a department of the Roman Curia, the dicastery belongs specifically to the Catholic Church rather than to Christianity as a whole.

A Franciscan friar and later a bishop of the Spanish church in Yucatan.

Divine simplicity, that God is not composed of parts, is classical Western doctrine per Aquinas's Summa Theologiae.

He wrote as a Christian Nahua, dating the record of the altepetl by the Christian year alongside the Nahua count.

The summit of the Roman calendar, from which the whole movable cycle is reckoned, opened by the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday night.

The play's theology of salvation rests explicitly on the pre-Reformation Catholic sacraments of confession, penance, the Eucharist and last rites.

Simple exorcism belongs to the rite of baptism itself, and the solemn form is reserved to a priest holding the express permission of his bishop.

The Fabbrica di San Pietro is the papal body responsible for the fabric of St Peter's Basilica and for what is kept in it. It is an office of the Holy See.

Fasting and abstinence are binding disciplines, kept on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday and, in the traditional form, on the Fridays of Lent.

Kept inside Catholic cathedrals from the twelfth century by subdeacons and other lower clergy, who elected a mock bishop and staged a burlesque of the liturgy. Church authorities campaigned against it repeatedly from the thirteenth century and it had mostly died out by the sixteenth, so it is recorded here as a suppressed medieval usage and not as an observance of the present Roman calendar.

He writes as a Christian Andean, arguing for Andean good government under a Christian king while cataloguing what the clergy and the corregidores did.

He wrote as a Christian Nahua noble for a Spanish readership.

The washing of feet is kept at the evening Mass of the Lord's Supper on Maundy Thursday, the celebrant washing the feet of members of the congregation.

He held office in the archdiocese of Lima and ran its campaigns against Andean practice.

A member of a mendicant religious institute, professing the evangelical counsels under the Code's title on institutes of consecrated life and living from the ministry and support of the wider Church rather than from monastic enclosure.

The funeral is ordinarily a Mass, with the commendation of the dead and the rite of committal, and prayer for the dead follows from the doctrine of purgatory.

The Gloria Patri closes each psalm in the Liturgy of the Hours and each decade of the Rosary.

The Grand Silence is kept in the Benedictine, Cistercian and Trappist houses of this communion, running from the end of Compline to the following morning.

Held the papal office and endowed the Roman College and the national colleges that trained clergy for the Catholic missions of the Counter-Reformation.

The concept of heresy as a formally rejected teaching is operative in this tradition's own doctrinal and disciplinary system.

Ordination is to the diaconate, the presbyterate or the episcopate, and in the Latin church the presbyterate is ordinarily reserved to men who accept celibacy.

The Holy Spirit as the third person of the Trinity is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The hypostatic union of two natures in one person of Christ is affirmed per the Chalcedonian Definition, binding on this tradition.

He wrote as a Catholic humanist in Spain, which is part of why his defence of Inca religion takes the form it does.

The Incarnation, God the Son taking human nature, is affirmed per the Chalcedonian Definition, binding on this tradition.

A Catholic thurible is swung at the gospel book, the gifts, the altar, the clergy, the congregation and the coffin.

Infants are baptised, and the practice is defended on the ground that grace is not withheld until a child can ask for it.

His letters are among the earliest sustained statements of the Roman see's claim to decide disputed cases for the whole Western church.

Communion by intinction is permitted, the minister dipping the host in the chalice and placing it on the tongue, but it may not be self-administered.

The Confederation bound its own members by the Oath of Association, a religious oath to defend "the public and free exercise of the Roman Catholic and apostolic religion" alongside the king's prerogative, and seated Catholic clergy as full members of its governing General Assembly. This edge records the Confederation's own declared religious cause and structure exactly as O Siochru's constitutional study gives it, not a claim that the whole war was fought over doctrine alone.

Recovered the Papal States by force, rebuilt Saint Peter's, and legislated against simony in papal elections.

The deathbed sequence of this church is penance, anointing and Viaticum, and the popular name attaches to the anointing, which is not in fact reserved for the dying.

The classic monastic way with the Bible, historically the Western Catholic monastic tradition.

His coronation of Charlemagne set the precedent that the pope crowns the emperor, the root of centuries of argument over papal and imperial authority.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Limbo, a state for the unbaptized dead, is a historical Catholic theological opinion, not a dogma, and has been de-emphasized in modern magisterial teaching.

The Roman scheme of liturgical colours is the one the other Western churches inherited: violet, white, red, green, and rose on two Sundays of the year.

The Logos Christology of John's Gospel prologue is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Canonized in 1297; his feast is kept on 25 August, and he is the patron of the Third Order of Saint Francis.

Matches Roman Catholicism already carried alongside Christianity by the other Catholic religious institutions on file.

Malteser International is the relief agency of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a Roman Catholic lay religious order, so linked to Roman Catholicism.

The couple are held to confer the sacrament on each other and the priest to be the church's witness, which is why consent, and not the ceremony, is the ground on which a marriage can later be declared null.

Sets the full Catholic Mass Ordinary text and liturgical form, though Catholic worship never adopted this particular setting into its own use.

The Metropolitan Cathedral of Valencia is a Catholic cathedral, and the chalice it keeps is displayed in a chapel of the working church.

Poverty, chastity and obedience are professed in the religious institutes of this church, under a rule approved by the Holy See.

A member of a monastic religious institute, professing the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience under the Code's title on institutes of consecrated life.

Clergy or specialist role within Roman Catholicism.

A Catholic Marian devotional drama staged inside a Catholic basilica under continuous local patronage.

The Society of St. Vincent de Paul is an international lay voluntary organization of the Catholic Church, so its US National Council is linked to Roman Catholicism.

Twenty-seven-book New Testament canon, shared across the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Anglican traditions.

A pre-Reformation Catholic touring cycle from East Anglia.

A woman in vows in a religious institute, professing the evangelical counsels under the Code's title on institutes of consecrated life.

The Nunc Dimittis is the gospel canticle of Compline, said every night of the year.

A vow made by a Bavarian Catholic community, staged as a continuing Catholic devotional practice.

The obligation is transferred to Sunday, the Lord's Day, on which the faithful are bound to attend Mass and to refrain from work that would hinder the worship owed to God.

God's omnipotence is affirmed as classical theism common ground across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

God's omnipresence is affirmed as classical theism common ground across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

God's omniscience is affirmed as classical theism common ground across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Catholic teaching holds that ordination imparts an indelible character and the capacity to consecrate.

Original sin, inherited guilt and corruption from Adam, is defined doctrine per the Council of Trent's Decree on Original Sin.

Papal primacy and infallibility are dogma per Pastor Aeternus, the First Vatican Council's 1870 constitution on the Church.

Canon 519 makes the parish priest the proper pastor of the parish entrusted to him, exercising the care of that community under the authority of the diocesan bishop.

The massacre was carried out under sustained pressure from Turin's Council for the Propagation of the Faith and the Extermination of Heresy, a Catholic Church body created in 1650 specifically to press the case against the valleys' Protestant population.

Pilgrimage to Rome, to Marian shrines and to the tombs of the saints is a long-standing devotion of this church rather than a private custom.

Condemned Modernism, imposed the anti-Modernist oath, opened frequent Communion to the laity and began the codification of canon law.

Settled the church's standing in Italy, instituted the feast of Christ the King, and restated Catholic social teaching for the industrial depression.

The Pope, Bishop of Rome, holds supreme, full, immediate and universal ordinary power over the whole Church, per the Code of Canon Law, canon 331.

Canon 331 of the 1983 Code vests in the Roman Pontiff, as successor of Peter and head of the college of bishops, full, supreme and universal power over the Church, which he may always freely exercise.

Prayer is treated as the whole fourth part of the Catechism, which sets out vocal prayer, meditation and contemplative prayer as the three expressions of the Christian life of prayer.

The prayer circulates widely in this church as a devotional text. It is not by Francis of Assisi and first appears in print in French in 1912.

The rosary is Catholic devotion rather than liturgy, five decades at a sitting being ordinary, and it is very commonly said at a wake. John Paul II added five luminous mysteries in 2002 to the joyful, sorrowful and glorious.

Priests are ordained co-workers of the episcopal order, authorized to celebrate the sacraments including the Eucharist, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 1008 to 1009.

One of the three orders conferred by the sacrament of order in the Latin Church, between the episcopate and the diaconate, and the order by which the Code entrusts the celebration of the Eucharist and the absolution of sins.

Old and New Testament prophecy is affirmed as a mode of divine revelation across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Circulates within Catholic devotional and traditionalist writing; the Church has never examined, endorsed or condemned the text as teaching, so this edge is deliberately associated rather than holds.

Purgatory, a final purification after death, is dogma per the Council of Trent's decree, Session 25.

The pilgrimage's central image and its organizing calendar, tied to the Easter cycle, are Catholic.

Performed annually on the Catholic feast of Saint Paul, Rabinal's patron saint, and organized by the town's Catholic lay cofradias.

Redemption through Christ's sacrifice is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Regina Caeli replaces the Angelus through Eastertide, said standing rather than kneeling.

An active Roman Catholic cathedral in the Archdiocese of Reims.

A practising Catholic whose works were nonetheless placed on the Index in 1663.

The bodily resurrection of the dead is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

His own confession, and the reason the papal nuncio at his court had standing to press against Dee and Kelley.

Salvation through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition, though the mechanism of justification is debated separately.

The Salve Regina closes Compline through the greater part of the year and ends the Rosary.

The satisfaction theory of the atonement, from Anselm's Cur Deus Homo, is the classical Latin scholastic account foundational to this tradition's theology.

The seminary as an institution was created by the Council of Trent.

Built the Sistine Chapel, established the Vatican Library on a formal footing, and left the Roman jubilee city rebuilt for 1475.

Christ as the Son of God is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The war's immediate cause was the federal diet's closure of Aargau's monasteries and its campaign against the Jesuit order, which the seven Catholic cantons read as an attack on their own religious institutions. The Sonderbund formed to defend those institutions rather than to impose Catholicism on the wider Confederation.

The Synod is an institution of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Kielce crowd was overwhelmingly Polish Roman Catholic by ordinary demographic fact, and the blood libel rumor at its center drew on a specifically Christian antisemitic tradition, but no church authority ordered or endorsed the violence; this edge connects that shared communal identity to the event without asserting it as Roman Catholicism's own position.

The Roman rite calls its anaphora the canon, and since the Second Vatican Council several eucharistic prayers stand alongside the Roman Canon.

The Roman rite places the invocation of the Spirit before the institution narrative rather than after it, the reverse of the Byzantine order.

The Filioque, that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, stands in this tradition's text of the Nicene Creed.

The breaking of the host accompanies the Agnus Dei, and a fragment is placed in the chalice.

The Kingdom of God, present and coming, is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The general judgment at Christ's return is taught alongside the particular judgment each soul meets at death, the two being distinguished rather than merged.

The Lord's Prayer is treated as the summary of the whole gospel, and the last part of the Catechism is a commentary on its seven petitions.

Catholics hold the Mass to be the sacrifice of Calvary offered again without bloodshed, the bread and wine becoming the body and blood of Christ by transubstantiation, and attendance is obliged on Sundays and holy days.

The perpetual virginity of Mary is affirmed per the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 499 to 501.

Roman Catholic Marian apparition tradition.

The oath of orthodoxy of the Roman church from 1564 until it was replaced by modern formulas.

The virgin birth of Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The words of institution stand at the heart of the Roman canon, and Western theology has traditionally located the consecration in them.

The problem of evil is a live theological question this tradition addresses within classical theism.

Theosis or divinization is affirmed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 460, drawing on the church fathers.

Mary as Theotokos, God-bearer, is affirmed per the Chalcedonian Christological definition, binding on this tradition.

God's transcendence and immanence are affirmed as classical theism common ground across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The doctrine of the Trinity, one God in three persons, is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Kept on the Sunday after Pentecost as a solemnity of the Lord in Ordinary Time.

Twenty two of the executed converts were Catholic; the Catholic Church beatified them in 1920 and canonized them in 1964 as martyrs of the faith.

Held the papal office from Rome, seat of the Latin church.

Catholic teaching makes it the last sacrament a Christian receives.

Canon 475 requires every diocesan bishop to appoint a vicar general, who holds ordinary power to assist him in governing the whole diocese.

The Vulgate was declared the Roman Catholic Church's authentic Latin text of scripture at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, including the deuterocanonical books.

A pre-Reformation civic Catholic production, like its York and Chester counterparts.

The rising was organized in defense of Catholic parish life against the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the wider revolutionary campaign of dechristianization; its leadership and its rank and file identified the cause as the defense of the Roman Catholic Church against a state that had made war on it.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

A pre-Reformation civic Catholic production; suppression followed the 1548 abolition of Corpus Christi as an English feast day and later religious controversy over its content.

Amillennial: the thousand years is the present age of the church, not a future earthly reign.

Evolution admitted as a subject of study, with the soul held to be created directly. Humani Generis permitted the inquiry in 1950 and later statements went further.

Immediate animation in practice since the nineteenth century, so that the protections attach from conception.

Heresy defined canonically: the obstinate denial or doubt, after baptism, of a truth to be believed by divine and Catholic faith.

The Chalcedonian definition: two natures in one person, without confusion, change, division or separation.

Closed communion, with eucharistic hospitality admitted only as a narrow exception within that discipline.

The Western reading: a fallen nature and inherited guilt, remitted in baptism.

Universal immediate jurisdiction and infallibility when the pope defines a doctrine of faith or morals ex cathedra, defined at the First Vatican Council in 1870.

The Tridentine settlement, which permits both the Thomist and the Molinist schools inside it and condemns neither. Grace is efficacious, and the will remains genuinely free.

Purgatory defined as a state of purification for those who die in God's friendship but imperfectly purified, dogmatised at Florence and Trent.

Repentance as sacramental: contrition, confession, satisfaction and absolution by a priest.

Bodily resurrection at the end, with a conscious intermediate state between death and the general resurrection.

Double procession: the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son as from one principle. The clause entered the Latin creed locally and was received at Rome in 1014.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey, not a claim of religious establishment or an outright population majority.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey; the state carries a second, comparably close plurality for Evangelical Protestantism.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey; the state carries a second, comparably close plurality for Evangelical Protestantism.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey.

Plurality religious identification among the state's adults per the source's survey.